STS 2

• Rene Theophile Marie Hyacinthe Laennec


  • Inventor of the stethoscope
  • Originator of the anatomical clinical method of diagnosing disease
• Pneumonology


  Scientific study of respiratory organs
• Technology (Jacques Ellul)


  • Refers to the knowledge about performance of certain tasks or activities he called techniques
  • Refers to standardized means for attaining a predetermined objective or result
• Charles R. Walker


  • Father of modern drugstore
  • Technology has 2 aspects: inner and outer aspects
• Stone Age


  • Old Stone Age - Paleolithic Period
  • New Stone Age - Neolithic Period
• Stone Age in Europe, Asia, and Africa began 2 million years ago
• In the most advanced parts of the Middle East and Southeast Asia, Stone Age ended about 6000 B.C.
• Stone Age began when human beings first arrived in the New World
• Time when tools and weapons were made of stone, animal bones, and wood
• During the Stone Age, Java Man, Peking Man, Neanderthal Man, and Cro-Magnon Man existed
• Greatest achievement of the Stone Age is the discovery of fire
• Humans began farming about 12,000 years ago
• Sumerians were the first builders of civilization
• Sumerians used cuneiform, a system of writing made of clay or stone tablets with wedge-shaped characters
• Sumerians invented the plow and the wheel
• Sumerians built the first cities, schools, temples, and wrote the first history, poetry, epics, and law codes
• Sumerians were the first people to mix copper and tin, producing an alloy called bronze
• Sumerians were the first people to use bronze ornamentals and tools for everyday use
• Babylonians excelled in mathematics
• Babylonians invented the sexagesimal system of calculation by sixties
• Babylonians were the first people in history to divide the circle into 360 degrees or six 60s
• Babylonians divided the hour into 60 minutes and each minute into 60 seconds
• Babylonians were the first people to devise the 12 signs of the zodiac
• Hanging Gardens were the crowning glory of Babylon, one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World, built by Nebuchadnezzar to please his favorite wife, Amythis
• Ancient Egypt made the world's pyramids, the oldest manmade stone monument in history that still exists
• Ancient Egypt devised the first 365-day calendar
• Ancient Egypt produced the first seagoing ships made of buoyant papyrus plants
• Ancient Egypt was the first people to develop geometry
• Ancient Egypt increased man's knowledge of medicine, surgery, and embalming
• Hippocrates was the first Greek to challenge the notion that disease was punishment sent by the gods
• Hippocrates discovered the connection between human disease and poor environmental conditions
• Hippocrates is known as the Father of Medicine
• Pythagoras emphasized the study of mathematics as a means to understand all relationships in the natural world
• Archimedes applied science to everyday life, developing practical inventions such as the lever and screw, and discovered the principle of water displacement
• Roman Civilization was poor in science
• Pliny the Elder was the only celebrated Roman scientist
• Pliny the Elder wrote the Natural History, an encyclopaedic work of uneven accuracy that was an authority on scientific matters up to the Middle Ages
• Roman Civilization established clinics, hospitals, baths, and sewers to safeguard health
• Galen wrote more than
• Pliny the Elder: 'Pliny the Elder wrote the Natural History, an encyclopaedic work of uneven accuracy that was an authority on scientific matters up to the Middle Ages'