STS

• Scientific development in Greek & Roman Times


  1. Explanation of the universe & themselves in a deeper way

  2. Development of basic elements of mathematics, astronomy, mechanics, physics, geography, and medicine
• • The golden age of the Greeks in Science coincided with their golden age in Literature & Arts
  • Fourth century dominated by Plato, founder of the Academy Of Athens, and Aristotle, founder of the Lyceum of Athens

  The First Five Centuries, B.C
• • Notable changes: Invention and Typography, Geographic Discoveries, Printing
  • Progress of knowledge standardized & transmitted globally
  • Discovery of painting marked the beginning of the Renaissance

  15 Century
• • Recovery of Greek classics, considered a continuation of the Middle Age
  • Growth of academics, improved communication of scientific knowledge

  Renaissance
• Hugo de Vries proposed theory of mutations in 1901-1903
• Albert Einstein developed special & general theories of relativity in 1905-1916
• Baron Rutherford discovered disintegration of atom in 1919
• Development of the History of Science

  1. Auguste Comte introduced history of science in a broader context

  2. Paul Tannery established history of science as a discipline
• Methods of a Science Historian

  Use scientific and historical methods to study scientific facts & theories
• Ancient Scientists & Their Achievements

  1. Thales of Miletus predicted eclipse of the sun in 585 B.C., worked on geometry of circles

  2. Anaximander contributed to cartography and obliquity of the ecliptic

  3. Anaximenes discovered laws of conservation of matter and energy

  4. Pythagoras of Crotona studied relations between sides of right-angled triangles and tone vibrations

  5. Metons of Athens introduced the Metonic Cycle

  6. Pappus of Alexandria worked on ancient Greek mathematics

  7. Philolaus of Croton developed Pythagorean Cosmology

  8. Democritus proposed the Atomic Theory

  9. Hippocrates of Cos known as the Father of Medicine

  10. Exodus of Cnidus proposed a theory on planetary motion

  11. Aristotle classified plants and animals

  12. Her...
• Well-known foreign scientists


  • Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
  • Andre Marie Ampere (1723-1836)
  • Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922)
  • Antoine Henri Becquerel (1852-1908)
  • Louis Bleriot (1872-1936)
  • Louis Braille (1809-1852)
  • Marie Curie (1867-1934)
  • John Dalton (1766-1844)
  • Rudolf Diesel (1859-1913)
  • Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931)
  • Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
  • Alexander Fleming (1881-1955)
  • Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)
  • Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
  • Hipparchius (died approx. 125BC)
  • Joseph Lister (1827-1912)
  • Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1826-1910)
  • Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
  • Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
  • Joseph J. Thompson (1856-1946)
  • Clyde Tombaugh (born: 1906)
  • Carl Zeiss (1816-1888)
• Mathematics


  480 B.C.
• Philolaus of Croton was associated with Pythagorean Cosmology (460-370 B.C.)
• Democritus was associated with Atomic Theory (430-377 B.C.)
• Hippocrates of Cos was known as the Father of Medicine (400-347 B.C.)
• Exodus of Cnidus was known for Planetary Motion Theory (384-322 B.C.)
• Herophilus of Alexandria was known for Human dissection, brain as the center of thought and divides the nervous system (335-280 B.C.)
• Crates of Males was associated with the Globe (280 B.C.)
• Philon of Byzantium was known for the Flow of liquids and gases, instrument to show expansion of air (190-120 B.C.)
• Diocles wrote the First Greek Treatise on Medicine (300 B.C.)
• Euclid systematized Geometry (circa 220 B.C.)
• Apollonius of Pegra was known for Conic Section (Geometry) (circa 212 B.C.)
• Archimedes was known for Area of Circle, Principles of Lever, Screw, Buoyancy (circa 194 B.C.)
• Eratosthenes made the first measurement of the size of Earth (circa 194 B.C.)
• Theodorus of Samus was known for the Size of Earth, Climate (190-120 B.C.)
• Hipparchus of Rhodes was known for the Pattern of cosmos, latitude, longitude, triangular measure (100-170 B.C.)
• Ptolemy was known for the Ptolemaic System, Mathematics, Geography, Optics (100-170 B.C.)
• Julius Caesar and Sosigenes were associated with Calendar reform

  45 B.C.
• Joseph T. Thompson


  Known primarily for his work on pasteurization of food and on preventive vaccines
• Joseph T. Thompson discovered the electron and established the theory of the electrical nature of matter
• Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto
• Carl Zeiss


  Most significant invention was the apochromatic lens of the microscope
• Well-Known Filipino Scientists


  • Dr. Abelardo Aguilar helped discover erythromycin
  • Angel C. Alcala first scientist to develop a project to create artificial coral reefs
  • Magdalena C. Cantoria focused her research efforts on the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of drug plants
  • Ramon Ilejay Castillo founded Innovatronix, a company with innovative consumer gadgets
  • Fe del Mundo helped in the building of a hospital for children, made experiments on immunization, invented the incubator and jaundice relieving device
  • Casimiro del Rosario co-founded the Bartol Research Foundation, his work on soft x-rays earned him recognition
  • Pedro B. Escuro made significant contributions to rice breeding
  • Dr. Ramon Gustilo invented different hip replacement systems for hip joints
  • Carmen L. Intengan contributed to the advancement of nutrition
  • Alfredo V. Lagmay has significant contributions to psychology
  • Geminiano T. de Ocampo notable ophthalmologist, introduced corneal transplantation in the Philippines
  • Eduardo A. Quisumbing pioneer in the study of Philippine Medicinal Plants
  • Francisco Quisumbing invented the Quink trademark ink
  • James Fos Ramon invented various windmill and ventilation systems
  • Jose N. Rodriguez pioneer in the early fight against leprosy worldwide
  • Eduardo San Juan designed the moon buggy
  • Carmen C. Velasquez contribution to science includes species and a new genus of digenetic trematodes from Philippines food fish
  • Gregorio T. Velasquez made the first intensive study of the local Myxophyceae or blue-green algae
  • Gregorio Y. Zara invented the two-way television-telephone, electric kinetic resistance known as Zara's Effect, airplane engine using alcohol fuel, and solar energy
• Humans are surrounded on all sides by technology claiming to supply information: television, smart phones, and internet devices, among others
• Before the printed world, the written word was prevalent. Yet, the intent to carry information has always been present
• Word


  A combination of sounds that represents something
• Words


  They transmit a message, they are "informed" because they carry "information"
• Words communicate meaning
• Language


  • The ability to name and classify objects found in nature was seen as a first step in knowing
  • Words have power
• The Greek fascination and wonder at the power of words and language led to the pursuit of knowledge