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hypertension
when
blood
is being
pumped
through the
arteries
at a
harder
and
faster
rate that is considered
normal
/
healthy
atherosclerosis
refers to the
build-up
of
plaque
on
blood vessel
walls, making it
harder
for
blood
to get through
cardiovascular disease
Encompasses
ALL
diseases of the
heart
and
blood vessels
(including
heart
,
stroke
and
vascular diseases
). Caused mainly by
reduced blood supply
to the
heart
,
brain
and
legs
(usually caused
by
atherosclerosis
).
cancer
A range of diseases categorised by
uncontrolled
and
abnormal
cell
growth. Cancer cells
can
spread
to other
parts
of the
body
causing
further damage.
diabetes
A
metabolic
disease which leads to
high
blood
glucose levels
from
defective
insulin
secretion,
insulin action
or both.
impaired glucose regulation/
insulin
resistance
Occurs when the cells become
resistant
to the action of
insulin
,
preventing
glucose
from being
absorbed
by the cells. Is a precursor
to type
2 diabetes mellitus.
BMI
A
statistical
measure of body
mass
using
height
and
weight.
Formula
: BMI=
weight
(
kg
)/
height
(m)
2
anaemia
A condition characterised by a
reduced ability
of the body to
deliver enough
oxygen
to the
cells
due to a lack of
healthy blood
cells.
In this case due to
insufficient iron.
asthma
A
chronic
condition that affects the
small air passages
of the
lungs.
When exposed to certain
triggers
the
airways narrow
, making it
difficult
to
breathe.
osteoporosis
Refers to
porous bones
, where the bone
density thins
and
weakens
, resulting in an
increased
risk of
fracture
(
breakage
).
chromic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A
progressive
and
disabling long-term lung diseases
where
damage
to the
lungs obstructs oxygen intake
and causes
increasing
shortness
of
breath.
eg
emphysema.
mental health disorders
Disturbances of
mood
or
thought
that can affect
behaviour
and
distress
the person, so that the person has trouble
functioning
normally.
They include
anxiety
disorders and
depression.
dementia
Dementia describes
a
collection
of
symptoms
that are caused by
disorders affecting the
brain.
It is not
one
specific
disease.
Dementia
affects
thinking
,
behaviour
and the
ability
to
perform
everyday tasks. Brain function
is affected enough to
interfere
with
the person’s normal
social
or
working
life.
Leading cause is
Alzheimer’s Disease.
foetal alcohol spectrum disorder
(
FASD
)
An
umbrella
term that describes a range of
conditions
that can
occur
in children exposed to
alcohol
before
birth.
neural tube defects
Conditions characterised by damage to the
brain
and
spine
, and to
the
nerve tissue
of the spinal cord during
prenatal development.
eg
spina bifida.
colorectal cancer
Cancer
that
develops
in the
colon
(
large intestine
) and
rectum
is called
colorectal cancer.
It begins as
non-cancerous
polyps
(
grape-like growths
) on the
lining
of the colon and they can develop into
cancer
if not
removed.
type 2 diabetes
The body usually produces enough
insulin
, but its action is
ineffective.
This may be due to
excess fat
which has
damaged
the
insulin receptors
in cells
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