diseases

    Cards (17)

    • hypertension
      when blood is being pumped through the arteries at a harder and faster rate that is considered normal/healthy
    • atherosclerosis
      refers to the build-up of plaque on blood vessel walls, making it harder for blood to get through
    • cardiovascular disease
      Encompasses ALL diseases of the heart and blood vessels
      (including heart, stroke and vascular diseases). Caused mainly by
      reduced blood supply to the heart, brain and legs (usually caused
      by atherosclerosis).
    • cancer
      A range of diseases categorised by uncontrolled and abnormal cell
      growth. Cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body causing
      further damage.
    • diabetes
      A metabolic disease which leads to high blood glucose levels from
      defective insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
    • impaired glucose regulation/insulin resistance
      Occurs when the cells become resistant to the action of insulin,
      preventing glucose from being absorbed by the cells. Is a precursor
      to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    • BMI
      A statistical measure of body mass using height and weight.
      Formula: BMI=weight(kg)/height(m)2
    • anaemia
      A condition characterised by a reduced ability of the body to
      deliver enough oxygen to the cells due to a lack of healthy blood
      cells. In this case due to insufficient iron.
    • asthma
      A chronic condition that affects the small air passages of the lungs.
      When exposed to certain triggers the airways narrow, making it
      difficult to breathe.
    • osteoporosis
      Refers to porous bones, where the bone density thins and
      weakens, resulting in an increased risk of fracture (breakage).
    • chromic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      A progressive and disabling long-term lung diseases where
      damage to the lungs obstructs oxygen intake and causes increasing
      shortness of breath. eg emphysema.
    • mental health disorders
      Disturbances of mood or thought that can affect behaviour and
      distress the person, so that the person has trouble functioning
      normally. They include anxiety disorders and depression.
    • dementia
      Dementia describes a collection of symptoms that are caused by
      disorders affecting the brain. It is not one specific disease.
      Dementia affects thinking, behaviour and the ability to perform
      everyday tasks. Brain function is affected enough to interfere with
      the person’s normal social or working life.
      Leading cause is Alzheimer’s Disease.
    • foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
      An umbrella term that describes a range of conditions that can
      occur in children exposed to alcohol before birth.
    • neural tube defects
      Conditions characterised by damage to the brain and spine, and to
      the nerve tissue of the spinal cord during prenatal development.
      eg spina bifida.
    • colorectal cancer
      Cancer that develops in the colon (large intestine) and rectum is called colorectal cancer. It begins as non-cancerous
      polyps (grape-like growths) on the lining of the colon and they can develop into cancer if not removed.
    • type 2 diabetes
      The body usually produces enough insulin, but its action is ineffective.
      This may be due to excess fat which has damaged the insulin receptors in cells
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