SOC 110

• Organizations have outcomes.
• organizational analysis- to assess the state of the organization
• Organization- A collectivity with a relatively identifiable boundary, a normative order (rules), ranks of authority (hierarchy), communications systems, and membership coordinating systems (procedures); this collectivity exists on a relatively continuous basis, in environments, and engages in activities that are usually related to a set of goals; the activities have outcomes for organizational members, for the organization itself, and for society.
• Bureaucratized  organizations-

  • Intellectually flexible, more open to new experiences, and more self-directed
  • Require their workforce to be better educated and also provide more job protection, higher salary, and more complex work. (Kohn 1971)
• • Most analyses of the impact of organizations on individuals focus on work organizations.
• • The individual's identification with the organization is stronger if:
  • a number of individual needs are satisfied in it,
  • the organization goals are perceived as shared,
  • there is greater frequency of interaction in the organization and
  • there is less competition within the organization.
• virtual organization- Another growing trend is home-based work, or telecommuting, in which people work from their homes and use electronic communications to link with their employers (Lozano, 1989
• • Organizations have developed policies that are designed to be more individual and “family friendly”
• Interorganizational relationships 

  • Extraordinary high level of corporate philanthropy (Crittenden, 1978). Much of this is based on the inter-organizational linkages among the business firms there. Most other cities are less fortunate.
  • Middle managers participation in community affairs
• • Crime-coercive
  • They force their members or customers to engage in illegal activities 
• • Authority leakage 
  • Organizational characteristics play a role in crime
• • Crime-facilitative
  • A simply case of individual deviance, with people attempting to line their own pockets whether it hurts the organization or not
• Organizations are affected by society and affect it.
• • Organizations both foster and impede social change. Examine the ways in which internal changes in organizations have social-change outcomes. Active Change Agents and Resisters of Change
• Internal organizational changes affect the social structure in two ways. Changing membership patterns and Altered patterns of work
• DECISION MAKING - Not only were decisions within the organization to be made at the lowest reasonable levels with participation by members, but local organizations and even local citizens were also to be brought into the decision-making process-the grassroots level
• CO-OPTATION - a process of absorbing new elements into the leadership or policy-determining structure of an organization as a means of averting threats to its stability or existence"
• Organizational weapon- is the vital component of most major social changes and of change within the organization itself. In other words, to achieve change, there must be organization.
•  Imperialism, or the attempt to expand corporate markets and reduce costs by exerting

  economic power over a weaker nation. That nation could have lower pay scales and thus

  provide cheap labor; it could be politically dependent and thus give corporations of the more

  powerful nations tax breaks and incentives.
• Technology is one key to the growth of multinationals. Mass- production systems and computer information