Gen bio 6

• Dolly the sheep


  First mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell
• Cloning of Dolly the sheep

  1. Cell collected from mammary gland of Finn Dorsett sheep

  2. Egg obtained from Scottish blackface ewe
• Genetic Engineering


  Laboratory process through which purposeful changes are introduced into an individual's genome
• Genetic Engineering


  • A gene may be transferred, modified, or reinserted into an individual
  • Results in genetically-modified organisms or GMOs
• Variation


  • The uniqueness of an individual
  • Differences between individual members of the population
  • Can be dramatic or subtle but not all variations in organisms can be observed
  • Caused by mutation and recombination
• Adaptation


  • How well an organism survives in a certain kind of environment
  • Inherited trait that increases a populations survival and reproduction
  • Population's niche is described by the space, light, moisture, and temperature
• Charles Bonnet


  • Argued that the Earth had experienced periodic catastrophes, each destroying many life forms, but the remaining species all evolved to some degree
  • First to use the term 'evolution' in a biological context
• Jean-Baptiste Lamarck


  • A French naturalist who explained that the fossils of extinct animals were the ancestors of those living today
  • Organisms always strive to improve themselves
  • Most used body parts develop, the ones unused degenerate (Principle of Use and Disuse)
  • Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
• August Weissman


  • German Biologist that later disproved Lamarck's Hypothesis about the inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
  • Argued that only changes to the germ cells, and not body cells, could be inherited, a theory that influenced theories of heredity throughout later centuries