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• Brainstorming


  Listing of ideas spontaneously, can be done individually or as a group, to develop new ideas and solve problems
• Listing


  A brainstorming technique where you write down anything that comes to your mind about the topic
• Graphic Organizers


  • Concept maps and mind maps are important and effective ways for organizing content and ideas
  • They demonstrate relationships between facts, concepts, or ideas
  • They guide your thinking as you fill in a visual map or diagram
• Types of graphic organizers

  • Outline
  • Venn diagram
  • Hierarchical topical organizer
  • Bubble organizer
• Outline


  • Organizes materials hierarchically and sequentially by classifying the main topics, subtopics, and supporting details
  • Uses roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, and lowercase letters with periods and capitalization
• Types of outline


  • Sentence outline
  • Topic outline
• Narration


  Follows a chronological order of writing, uses transition words like first, then, soon, after, suddenly to maintain coherence and show movement, employs action words and phrases that signal time
• Description


  Uses transitional words to indicate location, includes details referring to physical aspects like how the subject looks, sounds, feels, smells, or tastes
• Definition


  Develops texts by defining a term, its class, and its specific details, can be scientific or subjective
• Exemplification


  Utilizes detailed illustrations for clarification, can be in the form of a story, an anecdote, a quotation, or a statistic
• Comparison and Contrast


  Examines how subjects are similar (comparison) or different (contrast), uses signal words like similarly, in the same way, likewise, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless
• Cause and Effect


  Explores why things happen and what happens as a result, uses words like because, since, is due to, is caused by, for this reason, it follows, as a result
• Process Analysis


  Describes how things work, involving a series of steps in chronological ordering, uses transitional expressions like first, second, then, and finally
• Division and Classification


  Targets a single subject and breaks it down into components, groups items into categories based on shared features
• Problem-Solution


  Presents a problem and a solution, discusses why it has become a problem and the connection between the problem and solution
• Persuasion


  Involves facts that make the paragraph more convincing, uses signal words like first, next, last, of course, some may say, nevertheless, therefore, hence, consequently, thus