HGC Lec Intro and Its Parts 📓✧˖°.

• Vast store of information encoded in the sequence of building blocks of the molecule DNA

  Human genome
• Branch of biology that deals with the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms

  Genetics
• Allows us to understand how traits are passed from one generation to the next and how genetic information is expressed

  Study of genetics
• Units of hereditary in that copies of genes are passed from one generation to the next

  Genes
• Functional blueprints encoded within the DNA molecule; specific sequences that codes for proteins

  Genes
• Specific segments of DNA that carry instructions, not just for a single trait, but for various aspects of an organism's development and function

  Genes
• Molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms

  DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid
• The COMPLETE SET of genetic material present in an organism. It includes all the genes, along with non-coding regions of DNA, and regulatory sequences.

  Genome
• A study that ANALYZES and COMPARES genomes.

  Genomics
• Investigates inherited traits and their variation

  Genetics
• It concerns the TRANSMISSION of traits.

  Heredity
• Instructions to manufacture proteins, which determine inherited traits. COMPOSED of DNA.

  Genes
• It EXAMINES how people are RELATED.

  Genetic Genealogy
• Addresses ISSUES and CONTROVERSIES that arise in applying medical technology and using genetic info.

  Bioethics
• Levels of Genetics


  MOCTOIFP - Molecules (Molecular) - Organelles (Cellular) - Cells - Tissues - Organs - Individuals - Families - Populations
• It is the CHARACTERISTIC or FEATURE of an organism that can be inherited and is often influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

  Trait
• It includes physical features, behaviors, and biochemical properties. Example : eye color height, and the ability to roll one's tongue.

  Trait
• One of the alternative forms of a gene that occupies a specific position (LOCUS) on a chromosome.


  Allele
• TRUE OR FALSE. Alleles can differ in their nucleotide sequence and can lead to variations in the expression of a particular trait.

  TRUE
• Example of differentiation of Allele


  For the gene determining eye color, one allele might specify blue eyes, while another allele at the same gene locus might specify brown eyes.
• TRUE OR FALSE. Different alleles of the gene occupy the SAME LOCUS.

  TRUE
• Where does a gene or a DNA sequence coding for a trait is located?

  At a SPECIFIC LOCUS/site in the CHROMOSOME.
• It is an organism's GENETIC information.

  Genotype
• It is the set of observable physical traits.

  Phenotype
• What kind of genotype is this? <BB>

  Homozygous dominant
• What kind of genotype is this? <Bb>

  Heterozygous
• What kind of genotype is this? <bb>

  Homozygous recessive
• Cellular - Tissue - Organ - Organism NOTES

  From gene to protein to person
• Organism - Family


  Parents (50) - Grandparents (25) - Great-Grandparents (12.5) Great-great grandparents (6.25)
• In a GENETIC SENSE, it is a large collection of alleles distinguished by frequencies.

  Population
• What constitutes the gene pool?

  All alleles in a population
• A collection of all the genes and the alternative forms of genes (alleles) in any population, usually of a particular species.

  Gene pool
• TRUE OR FALSE. Is variation prominent in nature?

  TRUE
• What is the source of diversity in biological systems?

  Variation
• Any difference between individuals in a species or group of organisms of any species.

  Variation
• It is the variation of the genotype BETWEEN TWO INDIVIDUALS within the same species.

  Genetic Variation
• It is the DEPENDENCE of PHENOTYPE upon the environmental factors.


  Environmental Variation
• It is driven by a combination of different factors, both NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL, that contribute to the diversity of genetic material within populations.


  Genetic Variation
• HERITABLE and FUNDAMENTAL driver of evolution, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments over time.


  Genetic Variation
• Spontaneous changes in the DNA sequence that can occur during DNA replication or as a RESULT of environmental factors.

  Mutations