INTELLIGENCE

• Intelligence


  The ability to learn from experience, understand complex ideas, solve problems, and use our knowledge to effectively adapt to new situations
• Implicit Theory of Intelligence

  Applied in social situations, and recognize that intelligence has different meanings in different contexts
• Types of Intelligence


  • Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
  • Emotional Quotient (EQ)
  • Spiritual Quotient (SQ)
  • Cultural Quotient (CQ)
• Intelligence Quotient (IQ)


  Measures your cognitive and intellectual skills, like working memory, analytical thinking, and knowledge retention
• Emotional Quotient (EQ)


  Refers to your emotional abilities and social skills, including cognitive empathy, emotional regulation, and motivation
• Spiritual Quotient (SQ)


  Considered the central and most fundamental of all the intelligence. Refers to the ability to grasp the meaning, value, and sense of worth in whatever we do or want to do
• Cultural Quotient (CQ)


  Used to describe a person's ability to adapt to a variety of challenges in diverse cultures
• Francis Galton


  • Key figure in modern intelligence testing and postulate that intelligence was quantifiable and normally distributed
• Alfred Binet & Theodore Simon


  • Created a test that will distinguish normal learners from learners with mental retardation
  • Binet – Simon Scale – first standardized IQ test
• IQ Score


  MA / CA x 100
• Mental age (MA)


  The typical intelligence level found for people at a given chronological age
• Chronological age (CA)


  The actual age of the child taking the intelligence test
• Lewis Terman


  • Created the Standford – Binet Intelligence Scale which traces its roots from the Standford – Simon Scale
  • Standford – Binet Intelligence Scale - this test was developed to identify children who had serious intellectual difficulties
• Wechsler Intelligence Tests


  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
  • Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
  • Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
  • Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale- Revised as a Neurological Instrument (WAIS-RN)
• G Factor


  Represents the person's general mental ability; inborn ability
• S Factor


  Represents the person's specialized ability; acquired from the environment
• Primary Mental Abilities/Group Factor Theory

  • Verbal Comprehension
  • Verbal Fluency
  • Inductive Reasoning
  • Spatial Visualization
  • Numbers
  • Memory
  • Perceptual Speed
• Model of Structure of Intellect

  • Content: visual, auditory, symbolic, semantic, and behavioral
  • Operations: cognition, memory retention, memory recording, divergent production, convergent production, and evaluation
  • Products: units, classes, relations, systems, transformations and implications
• Crystallized Intelligence


  Refers to the use of previously-acquired knowledge, such as specific facts learned in school or specific motor skills or muscle memory
• Fluid Intelligence


  The ability to solve problems in novel situations without referencing prior knowledge, but rather through the use of logic and abstract thinking
• Theory of Multiple Intelligence


  • Proposed that there is no single intelligence, but rather distinct, independent multiple intelligences exist, each representing unique skills and talents relevant to a certain category
• Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

  • Analytical intelligence
  • Creative intelligence
  • Practical intelligence
• Analytical intelligence


  Also referred to as componential intelligence, refers to intelligence that is applied to analyze or evaluate problems and arrive at solutions
• Creative intelligence


  The ability to go beyond what is given to create novel and interesting ideas. This type of intelligence involves imagination, innovation, and problem-solving
• Practical intelligence


  The ability that individuals use to solve problems faced in daily life when a person find the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment
• Factors Affecting Intelligence


  • Genetics
  • Human Health and physical development
  • Gender
  • School Environment
  • Poverty
• Inspection Time


  A popular simple psychometric measure that is used to account for a large part of the variance in human mental ability. Refers to the time required during visual processing to make accurate decisions about target stimuli that are presented
• Choice Reaction Time


  The time it takes to select one answer from among several possibilities. People with higher IQ are faster than those with lower IQ
• Lexical-Access Speed


  The speed with which we can retrieve information about words stored in long-term memory. People with low verbal ability take longer to gain access to lexical information than do those with high verbal ability
• Working Memory


  The ability to store and manipulate information in working memory may be an important aspect of intelligence
• Contextualism


  Intelligence must be understood in its real-world context. Intelligence is something that culture creates to define the nature of adaptive performance in that culture
• Culture-Relevant Tests


  Measure skills and knowledge that relate to the cultural experiences of the test-takers can be offered
• Culture Free Test


  Describing an intelligence test that, if it were possible to design, would have no culturally linked content
• Culture Fair Test


  Describing an intelligence test that deals with experiences common to various cultures, in an attempt to avoid cultural bias