PE2

• Injury are damaged tissues or organs which occur when it encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it can resist or absorb
• Factors affecting the ability of the tissues and organs to effectively resist or absorb forces: Inherent abnormality, Age, Technique, Fitness Level, Equipment, and Environmental Aspects
• Tensile Forces that act away from the centre of the structure, causing to pull or stretch
• Compressive Forces are forces that gives impact to the center of the body causing it to bend or fold
• Shear Forces are opposing forces toward the different ends of the structure causing it to twist
• What are the Direction of Forces?

  Tensile Forces

  Compressive Forces

  Shear Forces
• Sprain are overstretched ligaments, causing a partial tear in the ligament
• The Ligaments stabilized and limits mobility of the joints
• Strain are the overused muscles
• Strain is a non contact injury that results from over contractions
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament is a connective tissue that helps stabilize the knee every time the muscle contracts.
• Fracture is a broken bone
• What are the different kinds of fracture?

  Simple Fracture

  Compound Fracture

  Greenstick Fracture

  Comminuted Fracture
• Compound fracture are also known as open fractures
• Comminuted fracture is where the bone breaks into three or more pieces
• Greenstick fracture occurs when bones bend but not break
• simple fracture refers to a break that does not compromise the skin
• Bones break as a result of force or trauma
• Fractures can be also caused by less traumatic but repeated force
• Compound fracture is a fracture that breaks the bone through the skin, or a wound leads to the fracture site, causing the broken ends of bone to come into contact with the outside environment
• Simple fracture is also known as closed fracture
• Dislocation is the bone pushed out of the proper alignment
• Dislocation causes deformity
• The pain of dislocation will be relieved once the bone is repositioned
• Concussion are life threatening injuries because they disrupt the normal function of the brain
• what are thee common signs of concussion?

  nausea

  dizziness

  headaches

  confusion

  light sensitivity
• Stress Fracture is a tiny crack in the bone
• Stress fracture is a small crack in the bone that occurs when the bone is repeatedly overused.
• Stress fracture occurs when repetitive workload creates micro trauma - as thick as the strand of hair - in the bone and gets bigger over time
• Tendinopathy occurs due to muscle imbalance between muscle pairs
• Bursitis: inflammation of a bursa that interrupts the surrounding structure, causing pain during movement
• First aid is any care given to an injured or ill person before professional medical assistance arrives on the scene to take control of the situation
• Why do we do bandaging?

  to create pressure over an area;

  to support and protect wound from contamination;

  to reduce bleeding;

  to secure a splint or dressing
• What are the head and spine injuries?

  head injury

  concussion

  spinal injury
• Bones, joints and muscle injuries: strain, sprain, fracture, dislocation
• How to treat bones, joints and muscle injuries?

  use the RICE method: Rest, Immobilize, Cold, Elevate
• Fainting is a partial or complete loss of consciousness resulting from a temporary reduction of blood flow of the brain
• What are the causes of fainting?

  an emotionally stressful event

  pain

  heart dusease

  overexertion

  pregnant women and elderly
• what is the first aid management when the victim faints?

  Position the victim on his or her back

  keep the victim in a lying position

  loosen any restrictive clothing, such as tie or buttoned-up collar

  do not give the victim anything to eat or drink
• What are the parts of bandage?

  Apex

  Side

  End

  Base

  Open Bandage