3is

• POPULATION-

  • complete group
  • It is the entirety of the group including all the members that forms a set of data.
• SAMPLE SIZE - the number of participants in a study.
• sample

  • subset of participants drawn from the target population.
  • Contains a few members of the population. They were taken to represent the characteristics or traits of the whole populations 
• SAMPLE METHODS/ TECHNIQUES

  • process of selecting a sample population from the target population.
• sampling -

  • statistical treatment of selecting the group that you will actually collect data from in your research.
• sampling design -

  • a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population.
• calls for three decisions:

  1. Who will be surveyed?
  2. How many people will be surveyed?
  3. How should the sample be chosen
• what is chapter 3? RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• what includes in chapter 3?

  • Research Design
  • Respondents of the Study
  • Research Instrument
  • Data Gathering Procedure
  • Treatment of Data
• • WRITING CHAPTER 3 METHODS AND PROCEDURE

  Begin the chapter with a brief explanation of what the chapter is all about.
• • RESEARCH METHODS
  • know the nature of your research question or problem.
  • collection and analysis tool that the data would need.
• probability sampling

  • every member of the population has the chance of being selected. It involves principles or randomization or chance.
• 4 probability sampling technique

  1. Simple Random Sampling
  2. Systematic Random Sampling
  3. Stratified Random Sampling
  4. Cluster Sampling
• Simple random sampling- The researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
•  

  • Systematic random sampling - is a method to select samples at a particular preset interval. As a researcher, select a random starting point between 1 and the sampling interval
• • Stratified random sampling - is the process of creating subgroups in a dataset according to various factors, such as age, gender, income level, or education
• • CLUSTER SAMPLING -
  • Researchers divide a population into smaller groups known as clusters. They then randomly select among these clusters to form a sample. Cluster sampling is a method of probability sampling that is often used to study large populations, particularly those that are widely geographically dispersed
• • non- probability sampling - not every member of the population has the chance of being selected. It can rely on the subjective judgment of the researcher. 
• 4 non probability sampling

  1. Convenient Sampling
  2. Purposive Sampling
  3. Quota Sampling
  4. Snowball Sampling
• • CONVENIENCE SAMPLING -

  Selecting a sample based on the availability of the member and/or proximity to the researcher.
• • purposive sampling-
  • Samples are chosen based on the goals of the study. They may be chosen based on their knowledge of the study being conducted or if they satisfy the traits or conditions set by the researcher. 
• • quota sampling method
  • Proportion of the groups in the population were considered in the number and selection of the respondents
  • The quota sampling method is similar to stratified sampling, and it selects a sample from a population that has been divided into subgroups. However, unlike stratified sampling, which relies on the random selection of each subgroup, quota sampling uses a convenience method within each subgroup.
• snowball sampling technique-

  Participants in the study were tasked to recruit other members for the study.
• quantitative research- deals with numbers this type of data would require statistical treatment
• • qualitative research - entails data in the form of words and extracting meanings.
• • mixed methods - may be needing mixed methods and processes of research.
• Research methodology -

  • This section specifies what method of research will be used
• what are the three reaserch methodology?

  qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method
• research methodology -

  • A way of explaining how a researcher intends to carry out their research.
• • respondents -
  • are providers of information needed in the study.
  • those individuals who provide data to be analyzed for the research study.
• research instruments-

  • are questionnaires, tests, interviews, observations, etc.
• questionnaire -

  • Detailed responses are needed from the respondents
• type of questionaire?

  • Open-ended 
  • Close-ended 
  • Combination
• • Wordings and Structure of Questions
  • Short and simple
  • No biases
• piloting -

  • Testing the questionnaire.
• • STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA
  • a process used to convert raw data into something interpretable.
• • DATA ANALYSIS PLAN
  • is a roadmap for how you're going to organize and analyze your survey data.
• data analysis

  • three objectives:

  1. Answer your top research questions.
  2. Use more specific survey questions to understand those answers.
  3. Segment survey respondents to compare the opinions of different demographic groups.