renal structure, function, & diseases

• nephritis - inflammation of the kidney(s)
• any inflammation of the glomerulus - glomerulonephritis
• any disease of the kidney - nephropathy
• sudden loss of kidney function - acute renal failure
• bacterial infection of kidney & renal pelvis - pyelonephritis
• little to no urine production - anuria
• greater than normal urine volume - polyuria
• difficult or painful urination - dysuria
• increased urine output at night - nocturia
• less than normal output - oliguria
• In the Kidneys, reabsorption occurs primarily in the: proximal tubules
• The functional unit of the Kidney is the: nephron
• Threshold substances for the Kidneys include: potassium
• the part of the nephron that acts as a filter is the: glomerulus
• The term for the kidney process by which substances are returned to the blood is: reabsorption
• Substances that enter the urine by the process of tubular secretion are usually: creatinine
• The hormone that determines how much water is reabsorbed or lost from the renal tubules is: ADH
• Each kidney contains approximately: one million nephrons
• The blood vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus is the: efferent arteriole
• The primary (95%) constituent of urine is: water
• Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates: reabsorption of sodium
• The amount of dissolved substances in urine is measured by: specific gravity
• High levels of proteinuria are early symptoms of: nephrotic syndrome
• A disease/disorder associated with the symptom of polyuria with a high specific gravity is: diabetes mellitus
• In a normal patient, a substance that is not filtered by the glomerulus is: protein
• In the kidney's, the process of secretion occurs in the: distal tubules
• By definition, the renal threshold of the kidney/s is: plasma concentration at which substances are not reabsorbed
• A urinary substance that is filtered completely (100%), but not reabsorbed is: creatinine
• One of the functions of the kidney/s include: maintain water & pH balance
• The specific gravity of the ultra-filtrate leaving the glomerulus is: 1.010
• the kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity
• The function of the peritubular capillaries is to take part in: reabsorption & secretion
• Kidneys with impaired production of ammonia (NH3) will consistently produce urine with a: high pH > 8.0
• Given the diagram of the Nephron, what is the identity of #1 on the diagram below? glomerulus

  
• Given the diagram of the Nephron, what is the identity of #2 on the diagram below?

  bowman's capsule

  
• Given the diagram of the Nephron, what is the identity of #3 on the diagram below?

  renal tubules

  
• Given the diagram of the Nephron, what is the identity of #4 on the diagram below?

  collecting duct

  
• Given the diagram of the Kidney, what is the identity of item B on the diagram?

  renal cortex

  
• Given the diagram of the Kidney, what is the identity of item C on the diagram below?

  renal pyramid

  
• Given the diagram of the Kidney, what is the identity of item F on the diagram below?

  ureter