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• Research Design


  A plan that provides the appropriate methods and procedures of data collection and analysis to efficiently and substantially answer the research problem
• Research Design


  • Is anchored on the purpose and intent of the study
  • The purpose of the study serves as a point of reference to justify the use of any procedure involved in the design
• a study can:


  • Describe
  • Explore
  • Diagnose
  • Experiment
• Research Design

  • Consideration of Cost and Ethics is a MUST
  • Ensure the rights, safety, and security of those involved are observed
• Research Design

  • The plan on data collection guarantees that the information gathered is adequate to provide a good grounding of the phenomenon being investigated
  • The data or information collected is subjected to analysis or reflection following the process appropriate to the design
  • The plan on analysis of data must demonstrate rigor and objectivity
• Rigor


  Refers to the step-by-step process to turn raw data into answers to research questions
• Qualitative Research allows a degree of flexibility in its methods
• Phenomenology


  • Describes the structure of human consciousness as revealed through experiences
  • Starts with the idea of intentionality or an openness to the world
  • Consciousness is always a consciousness of something; it constitutes experience
  • This is the experience of the phenomenon being studied
  • As a method, it reveals the rational structure of the phenomenon so that it can be recognized and can easily be related to in all perspectives
  • The result of the study is implicit in every human experience
• Applications of Phenomenology


  • Healthcare
  • Psychology
  • Education
  • Gender studies
  • Therapy
  • Social sciences
  • Philosophy
• Grounded Theory


  • Is primarily a method that conceptualizes the hidden structure of a certain area of interest by constant comparison
  • General Experiences on an Area of interest -> Categories which constitute the emerging theory or main idea
• Applications of Grounded Theory


  • Politics
  • Education
  • Social sciences
  • Business
  • Marketing
  • Human resource management
• Ethnography


  • Is an in-depth study of a culture or a facet of a culture
  • It captures the whole picture of how life is lived by individuals in a certain community by employing several methodologies in gathering information over a period
  • There is a clear effort to achieve a status that is privy to the information that can only be revealed to an INSIDER
• Applications of Ethnography


  • Community healthcare
  • Social sciences
  • Anthropology
  • Politics
  • Population studies
  • Urban planning
• Case Study


  • Is an in-depth understanding of a complex issue in real-life context as it happens to an individual, a group, or an institution
  • Encompasses all aspects of the issue; multifaceted
• Applications of Case Study


  • Psychology
  • Medical and health sciences
  • Business
  • Law and policy-making
  • Social sciences
  • School
  • Business
  • Military
• Historical Research


  • Is a systematic collection, interpretation, and evaluation of primary historical data about an event that happened in a given period in the past
  • It aims to give explanation to the event in terms of its phases, characteristics, and implications to present and future occurrences
• Applications of Historical Research


  • Population studies
  • Culture studies
  • Social sciences
  • Education
  • Business
  • Marketing