Chapter 2 Dilemma and Foundation of Morality

• Dilemma is a difficult situation in which an individual is confronted to

  choose between two or more alternative actions to resolve the problem.
• moral dilemma is defined as any situation in which the person making decision experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of decision and the quality of the results it produces.
• 3 Types of Moral Dilemma

  • Personal Dilemma
  • Organizational Dilemma
  • Systematic Dilemma
• Personal Dilemma- These are situations in which an individual has a choice to be made between two options,
• Organizational Dilemma- Organizational ethics are the principals and standard by which business operate, according to Reference for Business.
• Systematic Dilemma- The process of systematic moral analysis is predicted or moral rule violations, which result in harm to another person or persons.

  This refers to the conformity and compliance of each member to the

  expected code of conduct to be manifested in the agency/ workplace.
• philosophy, freedom involves free will as contrasted with determinism.
• Immanuel Kant that freedom is the source of all value-
• Gorbachev (1988) in his time asserted that the principle of freedom is a must. Refusal to recognize this principle will have serious consequences to the issue of world peace.
• Saint Augustine showed that human is free physically, yet bound to

  obey the law.
• According to Kant, morality was based on reason alone, and once we understood it, we would see that acting morally is the same as acting

  rationally.
• It entails that reason is a fundamental requirement for any moral decision.
• Impartiality is a principle of justice holding that decision or judgement on something or someone should be objective not on the basis of bias or prejudice to favor someone irrationally.