Why do many successful sports persons set goals? And who with?
To help them focus their attention and maintain motivation during training, ususally done with coaches or trainers.
What does havning goals allow for at all levels of the game? (4 things)
Stay focused, maiintain motivation, imrpove effort and help with adherence to exercise and training.
What shoulds goals give? (Think G O A L S)
Give direction, Offer mlestones on the way, Adherence (stay on task), Limitless dreams - to encourage motivation, Success
SMART targets - with definitions
Specific - for the needs of the indiviudal
Measurable - clear accurate picture of progress
Agreed - accepted, confirmed
Realisitc - maintain motivation
Timed - create milestones
Getting in the zone requires four c's - what are they?
Confidence - trust in ones ability
Control - of emotion adn physical manifestations - anxiety/anger
Concentration - keeping attention focused
Commitment - maintaing enthuisam
Define the terms : imagery and mental reharsal?
Creating images of optimal results
Mentally reharsing a pefirmance can help with an athletes motivation and abilty to succeed
Define: Intrinsic motivation
The personal desire to achieve - e.g for health
Define: ExtrinsicMotivation
Peforming for external rewards - praise, prizes
Describe what the long -term memory is and what it does in sports?
Part of the brain where previous expierneces are stored - this helps to make the correct decisions
Define the term: Input
Information taken in from senses
Define the term : Output
The effect of the decision making process - the execuation of the skill - output happens via the body
Feedback is calculated
Learning to be progressed
Provides the learner with information on the success of the output which is vital to learning
INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL
Input - Decisionmaking - Ouput - Feedback
This repeated
Input for cognotive learnes?
They will not be able to filter relevant and irrelvant information from their senses- they cannot select the correct informaion and can get overwhelmed with information
Input for assocoative learners
Selective attention begins to improve
Input for autonomous learners
Fully selective attention
Decision making for cognitve learners
Likely majority of decisions are incorrect compared with the associative stage
Decision making for associative learners
Majority of decisions are correct
Decision making for autonomous learners
Decision making is quick and usually very accurate
Output for cognotive learners
Produce skills with many mistakes
Output for associative learners
Mostly accurate with fewer mistakes
Output for autonmomous learners
Effiecent and effective
Cognitive learners have to think about what they're doing, so their performance may be slow and less efficient than that of an associate learner.
Associate learners can perform tasks quickly because they don’t need to consciously think aboutthem. They rely on past experiences to guide their actions.
Autonomous learners can perform complex movements without thinking about them at all. Their movement patterns become automatic and effortless over time.
Ways that feedback helps performance
dentify strengths and weaknesses in performance
influence the speed of learning
influence goal-setting
encourage and motivate
enables evaluation and analysis of performance
For feedback to be effective it should be - 5 things
Accurate, Consice, Immediate, Easily understood and Truthul
Intrinsic feedback
Inside - what the skill felt like - mor eefffective with autonomous - cognitive havent had enough expierence to have sufficient understanding
Extrinsic feedback
External source - coach talking after skill/peformance - or through visual guidance at practice - cognitive tend to rely on external feedback - Autonomous rewuirea acoach to tell them spefeic points to work on
Knowledge of performance
focuses on the quality of the movement or individual aspects of performance and doesn’t necessarily include analysis of result
Knowledge of result
Simply relies on information from the result, regardless of the quality or details of performance
Decision making
How choices are made using long term and short term memory, expierence and selective attention
The basic characteristics of a skilled perfromance are: (5 things)
Controlled, consitent, confident , effective and aeasthatic
Open skills is affecred by:
Competition , spectators , weather conditions and venue
Open skills tend to be used in what kind of sports? How are they developed?
Tend to be used in team sports and are developed by varied practice
An example is - taking a freekick in football
Closed skill
Peformed in controlled conditions , with fewer varaibles than an open skill
Tend to be in individual sports or individual roles in team sports r.g goal kicker in rugby
Devopled by fixed practice
Basic skill
Simple and usually the core to sports e.g running
Devopled by fixed practice
Complex skill
Skills that are more difficult needing co-ordination and control - usually a combination of skills e.g triple jump
Fixed practice + Whole practice
Self-paced skill
Under the control of the peformer, compared to the oppostions - e.g diver
Individual actives prodimantly
Suit cognitive leaners
Devopled by fixed practices
Externally paced skill
Controlled by the opposition - they dictate the choice of decions unlike self-paced - e.g any team game