R&W

• In academic writing, it is important to use precise words and avoid vague terms.
• The term 'academic' refers to the type of writing that is used by academics, or people who work at universities.
• Academic writing


  Usually used in universities and scholarly publications
• Academic writing is


  • Formal and unbiased
  • Clear and precise
  • Focused and well-structured
  • Well sourced
  • Correct and consistent
• Academic writing is not


  • Personal
  • Long-winded
  • Emotive and grandiose
• Types of academic writing


  • Essay
  • Research paper
  • Lab report
• Essay


  A fairly short, self-contained argument, often using sources from a class in response to a question provided by an instructor
• Research paper


  A more in-depth investigation based on independent research, often in response to a question chosen by the student
• Lab report


  A write-up of the aims, methods, results, and conclusions of a lab experiment
• Qualities of academic writing


  • Word choice
  • Signposting
  • Contractions and colloquial words
  • Rhetorical questions
  • Hedging devices
• Diction


  Choose words that express the meaning you want to convey
• Misused words


  Words that do not convey the meaning the writer thinks it does
• Pronouns


  Using a pronoun that readers can't tell whom/what it refers to
• Jargons/technical terms


  Special words of expressions particular to discipline
• Wordiness


  Use of more words than necessary to effectively convey meaning
• Cliches


  A phrase that is seen as lacking in substance or originality
• Signposting


  Words or phrases that signal key aspects of the written work; connects sentences/paragraph
• Contractions and colloquial words


  • Combines two or more other words in a shortened form, usually with an apostrophe
  • Everyday language used by people of a certain region
• Rhetorical questions


  Interrogatives that do not expect to receive any responses but used for literary effects
• Hedging devices


  Words used to lessen the impact and to keep the politeness of an utterance
• Diction - Another term used for word choices
• Formal diction - Used when addressing superiors or formal occasions
• Academic diction - are words commonly found in scholarly works
• Jargon - Technical terms used within a particular profession or group
• Types of Word choice

  • Misused words
  • Pronouns
  • Jargon/technical terms
  • Wordiness
  • Cliches
• it combines two or more other words in a shortened form, usually with an apostrophe

  Contractions and colloquial words
• are everyday languages used by people of a certain region

  Contractions and colloquial words
• Misused Words - Using words that have different meanings from what they actually intend to convey.
• Pronouns - Pronouns refer to nouns, but sometimes pronouns can be misused by using them instead of proper names.
• Jargon/Technical Terms - Jargons are specific terminologies used only by professionals in their field while technical terms are more generalized than jargons.
• Wordiness - Unnecessary repetition of information or use of long sentences without clear meaning.
• Jargon/Technical Terms - Jargons are specific terminologies used in a particular field or industry, while technical terms are specialized vocabulary related to a subject area.
• Cliches - Overused phrases or expressions that lack originality and creativity.
• what are the two academic writing styles used in academic writing

  • Modern language association (MLA)
  • American psychological association (APA)
• Resume


  A document that summarizes your qualifications, achievements, and skills to convince an employer that you are the best candidate for the position
• Writing a resume

  • Impress your employer with your credentials (primary goal)
  • Proper format, fonts, design, or arrangement (secondary goal)
  • Neither overwhelming nor underwhelming
  • Make it look presentable
• Basic features of a resume

  • Heading
  • Objective
  • Education
  • Experience
  • Skills
  • Character reference
• Heading


  Located at the topmost portion of the resume, includes personal information and contact details
• Objective


  One-liner statement encapsulating your skills, career goals, and ethics, matching the job you are applying for
• Education


  Contains and presents your educational attainment, including degrees, schools, years, and any special awards or distinctions