STS

• Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE.
• “cuneus” for 'wedge' owing to the wedge- shaped style of writing.
• In cuneiform, a carefully cut writing implement known as a stylus is pressed into soft clay to produce wedge-like impressions that represent word-signs (pictographs) and, later, phonograms or `word-concepts' (closer to a modern-day understanding of a `word').
• SHADOOF / SHADUF- Hand-operated device for lifting water, invented in ancient times and still used in India, Egypt, and some other countries to irrigate land
• ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM- Ancient Greek mechanical device used to calculate and display information about astronomical phenomena
• ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM- now on display in the National Archaeological Museum in Athens, were recovered in 1901 from the wreck of a trading ship that sank in the first half of the 1st century BCE near the island of Antikythera in the Mediterranean Sea. Its manufacture is currently dated to 100 BCE, give or take 30 years.
• AEOLIPILE- Steam turbine invented in the 1st century AD by Heron

  of Alexandria and described in his Pneumatica
• PAPER- The Egyptians began to write, about 3000 BC, they wrote from the beginning in ink, on papyrus (pah-PIE-russ). It took 3000 years to come up with paper! Paper was invented around 100 BC in China. In 105 AD, under the Han Dynasty emperor Ho-Ti, a government official in China named Ts’ai Lun was the first to start a paper- making industry.
• HEAVY PLOUGH- one of the most influential inventions in Medieval Europe. This invention allowed for the settlement of Northern Europe and farming of the wet clay soil of Northern Europe.
• GUN POWDER- called huo yao, meaning flaming medicine. Unlike paper and printing, the birth of gunpowder was quite accidental. It was first invented inadvertently by alchemists while attempting to make an elixir of immortality. It was a mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal.
• PAPER MONEY- The paper, a sort of promissory note, could then be traded for goods, and the seller could go to the agent and redeem the note for the strings of coins.  In the 1100s, Song authorities decided to take direct control of this system, issuing the world's first proper, government-produced paper money. This money was called jiaozi.
• MECHANICAL CLOCK- Pope Sylvester II built a clock for a German town in 996 and it is considered one of the oldest clocks.
• SPINNING WHEEL- Early machine for turning fibre into thread or yarn, which was then woven into cloth on a loom.

  It was probably invented in India.
• COMPOUND MICROSCOPE- practical system to increase microscope magnification. While the origin of this device and the identity of its inventor are the subject of some debate, credit for the invention of the compound microscope has generally been given to Dutch optician Zacharias Janssen.
• Dutch scientist Cornelius Drebbel claimed that he had constructed the first compound microscope in 1619. The astronomer Galileo (1564- 1642) also reported using a two-lens microscope to examine and describe the eye of an insect.
• Around 1590 Janssen reportedly stumbled upon an idea for a multiple-lens microscope design, which he then constructed.
• TELESCOPE- History started in 1608 with the group of Dutch spectacle-makers who all created first working models of telescope at the same time. However, credit for the creation of first one was given to Hans Lippershey, German-born lens grinder and spectacle maker who first managed to gain a patent on a telescope device.
• Even though this telescope had many limitations (chromatic aberrations, low field of view), it was enough for Galileo to start looking at the sky and discovery of phases of Venus, 4 largest moons of Jupiter, and find proof that will support astronomical model of heliocentrism.
• JACQUARD LOOM- In 1804 Joseph-Marie Jacquard (1752 – 1834) developed it. It mechanised the production of patterned textiles.
• ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANE- Brothers   Orville    and      Wilbur   Wright invented the flyer, which was which was the first crewed, powered, heavier than-air and (to some   degree)

  controlled-flight aircraft, brought people and ideas together like never before.
• TELEVISION- history of the television can be dated back to the late 1800’s when inventors experimented with ways to have signals transmitted to a receiver. In fact, the first coaxial cable (commonly used to distribute cable TV signals) was invented during this time. The first actual transmission of images was successfully completed by John L. Baird in 1925, which led to rapid developments in television in subsequent years. And, the first television system was created by Philo Farnsworth in 1927.
• BAMBOO INCUBATOR- Doctor Fe Del Mundo – credited with studies that lead to the invention of an improved incubator and a device to treat jaundice. It is an apparatus or device used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for a new-born baby. It is used in pre-term birth or for some ill full-term babies. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity, and other conditions such as the CO2 and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside.
• ERYTHROMYCIN- Abelardo Aguilar discovered the antibiotic from the Aspergillus species of fungi in 1949 and sent samples to Indiana-based pharmaceutical firm Eli Lilly Co. The drug firm allegedly registered the propriety name Iloson for the antibiotic in honor of Iloilo province where Aguilar discovered it. Erythromycin, the generic name of Iloson, was reportedly the first successful macrolide antibiotic introduced in the US.
• THE PC CHIPSET- Diosdado Banatao developed the first single- chip graphical user interface accelerator that made computers work a lot faster. This invention has allowed computer users to use graphics for commands and not the usual typed commands in older computers. It has allowed data processing to be a little faster using very little space (small chips instead of large boards).
• CHALLENGE 21- A unique board game that is truly Filipino, Challenge 21 promotes abstract thinking, mental alertness, observation skills, and strategizing out-of-the-box. It is an educational strategy board game for enhancing mental skills through the formation of natured-inspired shapes and patterns with mathematical logic, the invention of 68-year-old inventor Leonardo Mejia Yu, a retired economics professor and former Philippine Ports Authority officer.
• PHILIPPINE INVENTIONS

  • Bamboo Incubator
  • Erythromycin
  • The PC chipset
  • Challenge 21
  • Electronic Jeepney