Cells that are adapted to carry out a specific function.
What are egg and sperm cells specialised for?
They are specialised for reproduction.
What happens in sexual reproduction?
The nucleus of an egg cell fuses with the nucleus of a sperm cell to create a fertilized egg which develops into an embryo.
What is a haploid?
A cell with 23 chromosomes. For example, egg cells and sperm cells have 23 chromosomes each but together 46 chromosomes which makes them diploids.
What is the main function of the egg cell?

To carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages.
How are egg cells adapted to their function?
-contains nutrients in the cytoplasm to feed the embryo.
-has a haploid nucleus.
-the jelly coat hardens to stop any more sperm cells from entering after one has entered.
What is the main function of the sperm cell?
It transports the male's DNA to the female egg.
How are sperm cells adapted to its function?
-has a long flagellum to swim to the egg.
-has lots of mitochondria in the middle bit to provide energy from respiration.
-has an acrosome at the front of the head which contains enzymes to digest its way through the membrane of the egg cell.
-has a haploid nucleus.
What is the main function of ciliated epithelial cells?
They are specialised for moving materials along the surface of the tissue. For example, the lining of the airways contain a lot of these cells to move mucus up to the throat so it isn't swallowedin the lungs.
How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted to their function?
-have cilia (hair-like structures) on the top surface of the cell.