EM 13

• Convenience sampling


  Least rigorous method, samples chosen based on accessibility
• Theory-based/operational construct/theoretical sampling


  Researcher chooses people or things that demonstrate a growing theory, to uncover variations of the theories among various sub-groups
• Extreme or deviant case sampling


  Researcher chooses samples of individuals or groups that represent extreme instances of the phenomenon being studied
• Intensity sampling


  Chooses participants that exhibit the phenomenon strongly but not excessively, provides rich information
• Heterogenous/maximum variation sampling


  Researcher chooses a diverse group of people or units that are impacted by the topic of interest, to gather information that outlines and clarifies the main ideas and trends
• Homogenous sampling


  Only samples that share specific predefined features are chosen, advantage of assisting in the reduction of variances and simplifying the analysis procedure
• Snowball or chain sampling


  When it is difficult to locate the individuals of the target population, one or two respondents will assist the researcher in locating other respondents
• Critical case sampling


  Researcher chooses samples that include crucial data, to understand each population's situation and draw generalizations to other populations
• Criterion sampling


  Researcher establishes a list of requirements before choosing samples that satisfy those requirements
• Opportunistic or emergent sampling


  Researcher starts to notice any new or unexpected themes and looks for fresh sources of information to contribute to the analysis
• Typical case sampling


  Researcher collects data from typical respondents as opposed to exceptional ones
• Stratified purposeful sampling


  Target population is divided into several groups based on a variety of criteria, and a sample from each group is carefully chosen
• Purposeful random sampling


  Researcher will pick a small sample from a bigger set of populations that are relevant to the study, participants are chosen at random
• Combination or mixed purposeful sampling


  Researcher combines two or more of the aforementioned sample strategies