TLE

• Internet


  The global system of interconnected networks that uses the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices world wide
• Internet

  • Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection
  • It carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and file sharing
• World Wide Web (WWW, W3)


  The World Wide Web -- also known as the web, WWW or W3 -- refers to all the public websites or pages that users can access on their local computers and other devices through the internet
• The term World Wide Web isn't synonymous with the internet. Rather, the World Wide Web is part of the internet.
• How the World Wide Web works

  1. Paving the way for an internet revolution that has transformed the world in only three decades, the World Wide Web consists of multiple components that enable users to access various resources, documents and web pages on the internet

  2. These pages are the primary component or building blocks of the WWW and are linked through hyperlinks, which provide access from one specific spot in a hypertext or hypermedia document to another spot within that document or a different one

  3. Hyperlinks are another defining concept of the WWW and provide its identity as a collection of interconnected documents
• Hypertext


  A method for instant information cross-referencing that supports communications on the web. Hypertext makes it easy to link content on one web page to content on another web page or site.
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)


  It enables users to access web pages by standardizing communications and data transfer between the internet's servers and clients
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)


  A text-based way of describing how content within an HTML file is structured. HTML describes the structure of web pages using elements or tags and displays the content of these pages through a web browser.
• Client


  A user and their machine that supply a universal identifier to the web server via a browser
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)


  A type of uniform resource identifier (URI) that provides a way to access information from remote computers, like a web server and cloud storage
• URL


  • It contains various elements, including the network communication protocol, a subdomain, a domain name, and its extension
• URL examples


  • https://www.microsoft.com/
  • https://www.linux.org/
• Domain extension


  The letters that follow the final period in a URL. Common extensions include .com, .org, and .net.
• Top-level domain


  Another term for a domain extension. Domains are divided into broad categories at this level.
• Domain name


  What users type into their browser's address bar to reach a website. It consists of a site name and an extension.
• IP address


  A unique address that points to the website's server and helps users access websites easily.
• History of the World Wide Web

  1. British physicist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989 at CERN

  2. They began work on the first WWW server, which they called httpd

  3. They also dubbed the first client WWW

  4. Originally, WWW was a what you see is what you get (WYSIWYG) hypertext browser/editor that ran in the NextStep environment

  5. In 1990, Berners-Lee demonstrated the first web server and browser at CERN

  6. The web then entered the public eye in 1991 when Berners-Lee announced his creation on the alt.hypertext newsgroup and created the world's first web page

  7. In 1993, CERN made the W3 technology publicly available on a royalty-free basis
• Communication media


  The ways, means or channels of transmitting message from sender to the receiver. Communication media indicate the use of verbal or non-verbal language in the process of communication.
• Web browser


  An application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen.
• Web browser


  • Browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones
  • In 2020, an estimated 4.9 billion people have used a browser
  • The most-used browser is Google Chrome, with a 64% global market share on all devices, followed by Safari with 19%
• A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often confused.
• Search engine

  A website that provides links to other websites. However, to connect to a website's server and display its web pages, a user must have a web browser installed.
• User agent

  Another term for a web browser in some technical contexts.
• differentiate Web browser and search engines: Web browser is a software that allows you to access the web. Search engine is a software that allows you to search the web.
• what is Internet? Global network
• examples of Web browsers: Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Microsoft Edge
• example of search engines: google, yandex, bing, yahoo, baidu, duckduckgo
• TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol, which is a protocol that is used to establish and maintain connections between two devices on a network
• Examples of web browsers include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.