Ag ext 6

• Approach


  It embraces the entire spectrum of the process. It states a point of view, a philosophy, an article of faith
• Method


  It is procedural consisting of a series of actions arranged logically for the smooth operation of a particular teaching task or techno promotion
• Technique


  It is a particular trick, strategy, individual artistry of the teacher/ extension worker
• Extension Approaches and Procedures

  • The right approach
  • Census taking
  • Starting with what they have
  • Living with rural people
  • The First Steps
  • Public Relations
  • Put up a project yourself
  • Follow up
  • Make the horse drink - Just bring the horse to the trough
  • Working out solutions to problems
• Participatory Approach (PA)


  The inclusion of intended beneficiaries in solving their problems. It institutionalizes the democratic process wherein every member of a target users must be involved in the whole process of program/project development: situation analysis, planning, implementation, monitoring and documentation and evaluation
• Participatory Approach (PA)


  • Provides an opportunity for project beneficiaries or targets of technology promotion to be involved in all stages of program/project development
  • It requires a process of education to enlist people's participation in all project stages. Sufficient knowledge and skills are required for project implementers. This is a developmental process that is people-centered and ultimately contributes to people empowerment
• Guidelines in the use of PA


  • Who are the people to be involved?
  • What aspects of the project/activity will people participate in? and How will they participate?
  • How will you train/educate/motivate people to participate?
  • Why do we need people participation?
• Benefits of people Participation

  • Acceptance and understanding of projects
  • Fast adoption and/or greater support to the project
  • Project sustainability
  • Protection and concern on the project
  • Advancement of the project
  • Project management by the people not outsiders
  • High benefits from the project
  • Full control of project operation
  • Less graft and corruption
  • Transparency in implementation
• Mass Approach (MA)


  Techno promotion activities can be packaged and implemented nationwide. It is basically used in creating awareness and interest among target adopters/users
• Guidelines for Mass Approach (MA)

  • Adequate funds must be available
  • Technologies are simple so that adopters can use them even without the assistance or guidance from EW
  • Provide ways of interaction
• Benefits of Mass Approach (MA)

  • Less manpower requirement
  • Fast and can reach greater number of people
  • Moderate interaction between source and receiver
• Single Purpose Approach (SPA)


  The single technology promoted and adopted by users will not affect other practices. Adoption of single technology promoted will make a big difference in production and profit. Technology is readily available, can be acquired easily and less cost
• Commodity Approach


  Specific commodity like corn, soybean, super peanut, rice. The POT starts from production, storing, processing, and marketing
• Guidelines for Commodity Approach

  • There must be POT for: Production, Storage, Transport, Processing, Marketing
  • Well-trained staff in every aspect of the technology must be readily available
  • Other factors of production are considered like capital, labor, soil, irrigation and source of quality seeds/breeds
  • Quality and quantity are primary concerns which will contribute to overall profitability
  • Production of great volume is planned and implemented through organized groups
  • Strengthened farmer coops, producers and traders
  • Farm inputs must be controlled by farmers
  • Explore market potentials before producing in great volume
  • Storage must be well-planned
  • Continuous technical assistance is necessary until self-reliance is achieved
• Benefits of Commodity Approach

  • Focus research and development activities on major commodities
  • For food/feed sufficiency
  • For export potential
  • Answer industry needs
  • Maximum utilization of resources
  • Credit and market support
• Area Approach


  Resource scanning/assessment should be conducted. Match technology to the resource in the area. Consider cultural differences and needs. Large number of clientele requires more funding for traveling/ mobility of EW. Modern communication facilities must be utilized. Coordination between and among offices with similar target/users/adopters must be done
• Integrated Approach


  Involves multiple government agencies and stakeholders working together on training, seed products, techno demo, coop development, province wide production to increase rice production and profitability, generate jobs, and achieve food sufficiency