PE

Subdecks (4)

Cards (386)

  • Joint
    An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create movement
  • Ligament
    A tough band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone.
  • Plane of movement

    The description of three dimensional movement at a joint.
  • Sagittal plane

    The line down the middle of the body, splitting it into left and right.
  • Frontal Plane

    Vertical line down the body, Splitting it into front and back.
  • Transverse plane

    Horizontal line across the body, slipping it into top and bottom
  • Flexion
    Movement at a joint where the angle at the joint decreases
  • Extension
    movement at a joint where the angle increases
  • Abduction
    movement of limbs away from the midline of the body
  • Adduction
    movement of limbs towards the midline of the body
  • Tendon
    A fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone
  • Agonist
    the muscle which creates movement at a joint
  • Antagonist
    the muscle which co-ordinates the movement by providing resistance
  • Fixator
    muscle which stabilises on part of the body while another moves
  • isotonic contraction

    contractions in which the muscle changes in length
  • eccentric contraction

    When a muscle lengthens under tension, usually an antagonist
  • Concentric Contraction

    When a muscle shortens under tension, usually an agonist
  • isometric contaction

    when a muscle stays the same length under tension
  • Delayed onset muscle soreness
    The pain and stiffness felt in muscles, linked with eccentric contractions
  • Motor Neuron
    A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres
  • Motor Unit
    A motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon
  • Action Potential
    Positive electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells which conducts the nerve impulse down the neuron into the muscle fibre
  • Neurotransmitter
    A chemical produced and secreted by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synaptic cleft
  • All or none law
    Depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold all muscle fibres will completely contract or none at all
  • Slow oxidative muscle fibres
    muscle fibres with a high aerobic capacity, and capillaries, which produces a small amount of force over a long period of time
  • Fast glycolytic muscle fibres
    muscle fibre with high PC stores producing a maximal force for a short period of time
  • Phosphocreatine
    a high energy compound stored the muscle cell and used as fuel for high intensity exersize
  • Work:Relief ratio
    the volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed
  • Conduction system
    a set of structures in the cardiac muscle which create and transmit an electrical impulse forcing the Atria and ventricles to contract
  • Diastole
    The relaxation phase where chambers fill with blood
  • Systole
    The contraction phase where chambers eject blood
  • Heart rate
    the number of times the heart beats per minute
  • Stroke Volume
    The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat
  • Cardiac output
    The total amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute- Heart rate x Stroke Volume
  • Venous return
    The return of blood to the right aitria from the veins
  • Sub-Maximal
    A low to moderate intensity of exercise, within a performers aerobic capactiy
  • Maximal
    A high intensity of exercise above a performers aerobic capacity that will induce fatigue
  • Starlings law
    Increased venous return leads to increased stroke volume due to the increased stretch of ventricle walls
  • Cardiac Control Centre
    A control centre in the medulla oblangata responsible for HR regulation
  • Sympathetic Nervous system
    Part of the nervous system which raises heart rate