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Joint
An area of the body where
two
or more bones
articulate
to create
movement
Ligament
A tough band of
fibrous
, slightly
elastic
connective tissue that attaches
bone
to
bone.
Plane
of movement
The description of
three dimensional movement
at a
joint.
Sagittal
plane
The line down the
middle
of the body, splitting it into
left
and
right.
Frontal
Plane
Vertical
line down the body, Splitting it into
front
and
back.
Transverse
plane
Horizontal
line across the body, slipping it into
top
and
bottom
Flexion
Movement
at a joint where the
angle
at the joint
decreases
Extension
movement
at a joint where the
angle increases
Abduction
movement of limbs
away
from the
midline
of the body
Adduction
movement of limbs
towards
the
midline
of the body
Tendon
A
fibrous
tissue connecting
muscle
to
bone
Agonist
the
muscle
which creates
movement
at a
joint
Antagonist
the
muscle
which
co-ordinates
the
movement
by providing
resistance
Fixator
muscle
which
stabilises
on part of the
body
while another
moves
isotonic
contraction
contractions in which the muscle
changes
in
length
eccentric
contraction
When a muscle
lengthens
under
tension
, usually an
antagonist
Concentric
Contraction
When a muscle
shortens
under
tension
, usually an
agonist
isometric
contaction
when a muscle stays the
same
length under tension
Delayed
onset
muscle
soreness
The
pain
and
stiffness
felt in muscles, linked with
eccentric contractions
Motor Neuron
A nerve cell which
conducts
a
nerve impulse
to a group of
muscle fibres
Motor Unit
A
motor neuron
and the
muscle fibres stimulated
by its
axon
Action Potential
Positive electrical charge
inside the
nerve
and
muscle cells
which
conducts
the
nerve impulse
down the
neuron
into the
muscle fibre
Neurotransmitter
A chemical produced and secreted by a neuron to transmit an impulse across a synaptic cleft
All or none law
Depending on whether the stimulus is above a
threshold
all muscle fibres will completely
contract
or
none
at all
Slow oxidative muscle fibres
muscle fibres with a
high aerobic capacity
, and
capillaries
, which produces a
small
amount of force over a
long
period of time
Fast glycolytic muscle fibres
muscle fibre with
high PC stores
producing a
maximal force
for a
short period
of time
Phosphocreatine
a
high energy
compound stored the
muscle cell
and used as
fuel
for
high intensity exersize
Work:Relief ratio
the
volume
of
relief
in relation to the
volume
of
work
performed
Conduction system
a set of structures in the
cardiac muscle
which create and transmit an electrical impulse forcing the
Atria
and
ventricles
to contract
Diastole
The
relaxation
phase where chambers fill with
blood
Systole
The
contraction
phase where
chambers
eject blood
Heart rate
the number of times the heart beats per
minute
Stroke Volume
The amount of
blood
ejected from the
left ventricle
per
beat
Cardiac output
The total amount of
blood
ejected from the heart per minute- Heart rate x
Stroke Volume
Venous return
The return of
blood
to the
right aitria
from the veins
Sub-Maximal
A low to moderate intensity of exercise, within a performers aerobic capactiy
Maximal
A high intensity of exercise above a performers
aerobic capacity
that will induce
fatigue
Starlings law
Increased venous return leads to increased
stroke volume
due to the increased stretch of
ventricle walls
Cardiac Control Centre
A control centre in the
medulla oblangata
responsible for
HR
regulation
Sympathetic Nervous system
Part of the nervous system which raises heart rate
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