Biotechnology-quarter4

• Biotechnology


  Development and utilization of biological processes for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other forms of life
• Biotechnology


  • Use of living organisms for the manufacture of useful products: It may involve algae, bacteria, fungi, yeast cells of higher animal and plants
• Genetic Engineering


  Formation of new combinations of heritable material by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules into any virus, bacterial plasmids or other vector system so as to allow their incorporation into a host organism in which they do not naturally occur but in which they are capable of continued propagation
• Genetic Engineering


  Production of new genes and alteration of genomes by substituting or adding new genetic material (for the protection of the organism or other)
• Traditional Biotechnology (old)


  Conventional technology which have been used for many centuries, an art rather than a science because of the many years of continuous process, they were able to come up how to reach a certain pace for you to familiarize its taste to change
• Modern Biotechnology (Modern)


  Capability of science to change the genetic material for genetic new products for specific requirement through recombinant DNA technology
• Traditional Biotechnology (old)


  • soy sauce, beer, wine, cheese, vinegar
• Health care


  In 1982, human insulin (humulin) has been produced by microorganisms in fermenters, Hepatitis B vaccines (Recombivax HB) genetically engineered vaccines produced biotechnologically
• Gene Therapy


  Genetic engineering of humans, which would allow a person suffering from a disabling genetic disorder to lead a normal life
• Immunotechnologies


  Monoclonal antibodies (MABS) for diagnosis and therapy
• Tissue culture of both plant and animal cells


  Used for micro propagation of elite or exotic materials (such as orchids), production of useful compounds such as taxol (the widely used anti-cancer drug) and vanillin, and preparation in the laboratory of "natural" tissues such as arteries for arterial graft or skin for burn victims
• Stem cell techniques


  Involve purification and isolation of stem cells from various tissues and develop into the desired tissue which could then be used, for example, for transplantation
• New DNA technologies


  Include DNA fingerprinting, sequencing of genomes, development and use of new molecular markers for plant identification and characterization
• Organotransplantation

  Transplantation into humans of organs from other animals, pig may be the most suitable for this biochemically, anatomically and immunologically
• Bioremediation


  Use of microorganisms to detoxify pollutants, present in the environment usually as soil or water
• Human Genome Project (HGP)


  Sequenced and chromosome map , has been developed in various laboratories world-wide through coordinated efforts
• Bioinformatics


  Application of information sciences to increase the understanding of biology, biochemistry, and biological data
• Scope of Biotechnology


  • Health Care
  • Gene Therapy
  • Immunotechnologies
  • Tissue culture
  • Stem cell techniques
  • New DNA technologies
  • Bioremidiation
  • Human Genome Project (HGP)
  • Bioinformatics
• Antibodies 


  special sets of proteins present in humans that enable them to fight incursion of their bodies by harmful chemicals or microorganisms
• Application of Biotechnology


  • Environment
  • Medical / Medicine Biotechnology
  • Industrial Biotechnology
  • Agricultural Biotechnology
• Environment


  To develop sustainable environmental practices that reduce pollution and waste
• Environment


  • Phytoremidiation uses genetically engineered microorganisms to purify soils of heavy metals and other pollutants
  • Bioremidiation introduces microorganisms into waste sites in order to organically break down nonrecyclable waste
  • Plastic-eating bacteria breaks down wastes suck as plastic in soils and water
  • GMO foods stays fresher longer and reduce food
• Environment


  • GMO foods stays fresher longer and reduce food waste
  • Genetic restoration attempts to restore endagered species such as the American chestnut tree
  • Cover-crops such as corn are used as biofuels, replacing traditional fuel sources that produce greenhouse gas emissions when extracted and used
• Medical Biotechnology


  Also known as biopharma, aims to fight and prevent disease and improve healthcare
• Medical Biotechnology


  • Biotechnology and biomedical research are the basis of the modern pharmaceutical industry
  • Uses include stem cell research, antibiotics development, gene therapies, research into dangerous pathogens and antibodies that fight them
  • 3d printing or growing of gans and bones in
  • mRNA vaccines, monoclonal antibody treatments, and COVID-19 research
• Industrial Biotechnology


  Involves using microorganisms to produce industrial goods
• Industrial Biotechnology


  • Fermentation and use of enzymes and microbes to streamline chemical manufacturing and reduce costs and emissions
  • Biofuels that use renewable crops instead of fossil fuels
  • Biodegradable garments and textiles made from living organism proteins
• Agricultural Biotechnology


  Genetically engineers plants and animals to produce more efficient agriculture, increase nutritional value and reduce food insecurity
• Agricultural Biotechnology


  • Biologically produced pesticides and herbicides
  • Drought-resistant crops
  • Minimal space-resilient crops
  • Meat grown in labs or using 3D printers
  • Gluten-free grains
  • Selective breeding for healthier, bigger livestock and crops
  • Nutrient supplementation to improve diets and medical treatments
• Types of Biotechnology


  • Red (health)
  • Green (agriculture)
  • White (industrial)
  • Yellow (food production)
  • Blue (marine resources)
  • Grey (ecosystem restoration)
  • Gold (bioinformatics)
  • Brown (arid/desert soils)
  • Purple (legal/intellectual property)
• Red biotechnology is responsible for the development of more than 250 vaccines and medications such as antibiotics, regenerative therapies and the production of artificial organs
• Green biotechnology is used by more than 13 million farmers worldwide to fight pests and nourish crops and strengthen them against microorganisms and extreme weather events
• White biotechnology works to improve manufacturing processes, the development of biofuels and other technologies to make industry more efficient and sustainable
• Yellow biotechnology focused on food production and, carries out research to reduce the levels of saturated fats. Its main function is to genetically improve products.
• Blue biotechnology exploits marine resources to obtain aquaculture, cosmetics and health care products, and aims to preserve marine species and ecosystems
• Grey biotechnology is used for the conservation and restoration of contaminated natural ecosystems through bioremediation processes
• Gold biotechnology, also known as bioinformatics, is responsible for obtaining, storing, analysing and separating biological information, especially that related to DNA and amino acid sequences
• Brown biotechnology comes from green biotechnology, with the aim of taking advantage of arid and desert soils to include highly resistant plant species that increase the flora and biodiversity of these environments
• Purple biotechnology deals with the legal study of aspects of this science, including intellectual property, patents and the biosafety of processes involving living organisms