Ch. 38 - Diseases

• airborne disease


  when human is source, virus is propelled from respiratory tract by couhging, sneezing, or vocalizing
• chickenpox and shingles


  DNA virus and member of Herpesviridae; humans serve as the reservoir and source and its acquired by droplet inhalation
• measles


  rash caused by an RNA virus that enters the body through the respiratory tract; can cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (degeneration of NS) and is treated with the MMR vaccine
• rubella


  enveloped RNA virus that causes a mild rash acquired from respiratory droplets; can be congenital and lead to fetal death or defects if it occurs in the first trimester
• smallpox


  caused by the variola virus with linear dsDNA; transmitted via aerosol or contacts with humans as the only natural host
• eradication of smallpox


  last case in 1977 made possible because the disease has obvious clinical features, humans are the only hosts, there are no asymptomatic carriers, and it has a short infectivity period (1 month)
• arboviruses


  arthropod-borne diseases transmitted by bloodsuckers from one vertebrate host to another; multiplies in the tissues of vector without causing infection
• west nile fever


  encephalitis caused by a flavivirus RNA virus; transmitted via mosquitoes that feed on birds and spreads between humans via blood
• direct contact diseases


  transmission of disease through personal contact like touching, kissing, bodily fluids, and open wounds
• genital herpes


  caused by herpes simplex type 2 linear dsDNA enveloped virus; can be congenital and is a disease with reactivations
• human herpesvirus 6


  enveloped dsDNA virus with wide tropism; present in infants, presents with pneumonitis in immunocompromised adults and CFS, and MS in other adults
• warts


  associated with human papillomaviruses and presents with verrucae; includes plantar, verrucae vulgaris, flat, and anogenital
• genital warts


  1 to 6 month incubation period and causes almost all of cervical cancers; treated with HPV vaccine
• gastroenteritis


  viral inflammation of stomach and intestines, big in children; caused by rotovirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, and norovirus
• zoonotic diseases


  human viral infections in animal reservoirs before transmission to humans
• ebola and marburg


  hemorrhagic fevers caused by ssRNA Filoviridae; severe and fatal cuasing the host vasular system to leak and dysfunction
• prion diseases


  transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (fatal neurogenerative disorders) with multiple routes of transmission; abnormally folded proteins can induce normal folds of protein to abnormally fold
• CJD


  transmitted from cattle with mad cow disease; may be acquired by eating meat products of infected cattle