BIO 366

• Ecology is a hierarchal science by nature. For the purpose of this course, the ecological unit is?

  individual
• The long-term average pattern of abiotic conditions is known as?

  climate
• The short-term average pattern of abiotic conditions is known as?

  weather
• Due to the Coriolis Effect, the wind turns which way in the Southern Hemisphere?

  left
• Due to the Coriolis Effect, the wind turns which way in the Northern Hemisphere?

  right
• The climate of two locations at the same latitude, but one located on the coast and another further inland, experience the same seasonal variation in temperature.

  False
• How is the outward appearance of an organism for a particular trait called?

  phenotype
• A dominant allele means that you need two copies for the trait to be expressed.

  False
• On a Punnett Square, there is aa and a skull with crossed bones indicating certain death for the individual carrying this combination. This is the expected outcome for what type of disorder?

  autosomal recessive disorder
• What does the "A" mean in an A-a Punnet square?

  dominant allele
• Which of the following is true for the quadrant with the "aa" combination in a Punnett square?

  homozygous recessive (recessive form expressed)
• a bell-shaped curve on a graph: qualitative, mendelian, or quantitative?

  quantitative
• The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that the frequency of genotypes in a population remains constant from generation to generation and we know that there is evidence of this principle in natural populations.

  false
• Evolutionary processes that operate at the species level are known as?

  microevolution
• Microevolution occurs at what kind of timescales?

  short
• Evolutionary processes that operate above the species level are referred to as?

  macroevolution
• Macroevolution occurs at what kind of timescales?

  long
• Not all phenotypic differences between individuals across environmental gradients indicate genetic differentiation.

  true
• One species gives rise to many species, each adapted to exploit different features of the environment. This is the definition of?

  adaptive radiation
• If you observe phenotypic differences between local populations of the same species (for example, differences in plant height along natural distribution range), how do you decide whether they represent differences in allele frequencies (genetic differentiation) or phenotypic plasticity?

  conduct transplant experiements
• Developmental plasticity can be morphological, behavioral, and physiological.

  true
• All photosynthesis steps always occur in the mesophyll tissue of plant leaves.

  false
• Which of the following expressions represents the process of cellular respiration in plants?

  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 -> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
• The differences between uptake of carbon in photosynthesis and loss of carbon through respiration is called?

  net photosynthetis
• Which of the following are types of plants conduct photosynthesis in the mesophyll but CO2 uptake is separated in space (different tissues of the leaf) instead of time (diel)?

  C4
• Micronutrients and macronutrients are terms ecologists use to refer to nutrients that are needed in small and large quantities, respectively.

  true
• what kind of leaves would be at the top of a tree canopy?

  small and skinny leaves
• what kind of leaves would be at the bottom of the tree canopy?

  large and broad leaves
• An animal can be both a conformer and a regulator when responding to environmental conditions.

  true
• If blood clotting (platelets responding to an injury attract more platelets) a positive or negative feedback?

  positive
• Is temperature regulation in homeotherms a positive or negative feedback?

  negative
• Is the release of CO2 into the atmosphere from permafrost, exacerbating the greenhouse effect a positive or negative feedback?

  positive
• the following is a disadvantage for homeotherms

  energetically expensive
• One advantage of sexual reproduction is the possibility of varied responses in the population.

  true
• From all living organisms, only plants can be hermaphroditic.

  false
• An advantage of semelparity is overwhelming predators with lots of offspring - more than the predators can likely consume at once leading to higher survival rate of the offspring.

  True
• Reproducing early in life always leads to a greater fitness relative to waiting longer to begin reproducing.

  false
• Global zooplankton biomass is higher than any other taxon.

  false
• One reason zooplankton might migrate vertically is to save metabolic energy from the cold.

  true
• Population size is a function of both the population density and the area over which the population is distributed.

  true