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• Types of text

  • Narrative
  • Expository
  • Explanatory
  • Recount
  • Persuasive
• Narrative


  Helps tell the story and keeps the story moving, includes actions, events, and exciting descriptive words, to entertain the readers through telling a story
• Expository


  Explains something or provides instruction, describe a process and move the reader step by step, to simplify and expose things, ideas, persons, and places through educational and purposeful facts
• Explanatory


  Gives explanation on a process of how and why something happens, to explain what, how, and why a certain thing happened
• Types of Recount

  • Personal Recount
  • Factual Recount
• Personal Recount


  When the writer is involved, retells an action, interest, event or active, to build a relationship between the readers and the writer by providing information that the latter has been personally involved
• Factual Recount


  Where the writer is not in the recount but the structure is the same as a personal recount, because it has a beginning, middle, end, type of text that gives useful facts and information, to give information by means of facts
• Persuasive


  One in which the writer is actually giving his own opinion on a certain subject or topic and seeks to convince the reader to agree, to encourage or convince the readers of the merits of adopting a particular viewpoint or taking a specific course of action
• Speech


  Communication through talking or a talk given to an audience, the ability to express one's thoughts and emotions by speech sounds and gestures
• Key tips for preparing a speech

  • Organize your speech
  • Get to the point
  • Use short words and short sentences
  • Persuade with power
• Structure of speech

  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Introduction


  Most important part of the speech, establishes the first, crucial contact between the speaker and the audience, focus your audience's attention, establish goodwill and credibility, give a preview
• Body


  Contains all the information to support the idea, the center part of the speech which explains and discusses the key ideas of the speech, transitions often serve to signpost new points, as do pauses before an important idea, speakers might number main points-first, second, third, or first, next, finally, always make it easy for the audience to recognize and follow key ideas
• Conclusion


  Summarize main ideas and give the speech a sense of closure and completion, might refer back to the introduction, offer an analogy or metaphor that captures the main idea, or leave the audience with a question a challenge of some type, brief quotations can also make effective conclusions
• Principles of speech delivery

  • Articulation
  • Modulation
  • Stage Presence
  • Facial Expression, Gestures, and movements
  • Audience Rapport
• Types of speechers according to delivery

  • Manuscript
  • Memorized
  • Extemporaneous
  • Impromptu
• Manuscript


  Delivers this type of speech in a word-for-word manner
• Memorized


  Speech that involves commitment to remember the whole content, rote recitation of the speech that the speaker has committed to memory
• Extemporaneous


  Presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes
• Impromptu


  An unrehearsed speech where the speaker deliver it conversationally and on the spur of the moment
• Types of speech according to purpose

  • Informative speech
  • Demonstrative speech
  • Persuasive speech
  • Entertainment speech
• Informative speech


  Aims to provide interesting and useful information to the audience on a specific topic or subject and focuses on giving significant information and factual statements
• Demonstrative speech


  Aims to instruct to do something or focuses on how something works, commercials and training sessions are popular examples
• Persuasive speech


  Aims to influence the audience, it is designed to convince the audience to change the way they think or to do something, the speaker acts as an advocate or supporter of an idea, belief, attitude or behavior
• Entertainment speech


  Aims to entertain or amuse listeners by using light, funny or witty anecdotes, it provides pleasure and enjoyment that makes the audience laugh
• Modifiers


  Words, phrases, or clauses that help give more information in a sentence, can be adjectives or adverbs
• Misplaced modifiers


  Modifies a noun other than the one intended, it is in the wrong place in the sentence
• Dangling modifiers


  Does not modify or connect to any word in the sentence, cannot just be moved to a correct position, the sentence structure will need to be changed
• To fix misplaced or dangling modifiers

  1. Find the modifiers in your sentence

  2. Find the word or words it modifies

  3. Is it as close as possible to the word it is modifying?
• Modifiers help to make sentences clearer to the reader, but if they are not placed correctly they can cause confusion
• Types of writing


  • Narrative
  • Expository
  • Explanatory
  • Recount
  • Persuasive
• Narrative


  Helps tell the story and keeps the story moving - include actions, events, and exciting descriptive words. To entertain the readers through telling a story.
• Expository


  Explains something or provides instruction. Describe a process and move the reader step by step. To simplify and expose things, ideas, persons, and places through educational and purposeful facts.
• Explanatory


  Gives explanation on a process of how and why something happens. To explain what, how, and why a certain thing happened.
• Types of Recount


  • Personal Recount
  • Factual Recount
• Personal Recount


  When the writer is involved. Retells an action, interest, event or active. To build a relationship between the readers and the writer by providing information that the latter has been personally involved.
• Factual Recount


  Where the writer is not in the recount but the structure is the same as a personal recount, because it has a beginning, middle, end. Type of text that gives useful facts and information. To give information by means of facts.
• Persuasive


  One in which the writer is actually giving his own opinion on a certain subject or topic and seeks to convince the reader to agree. To encourage or convince the readers of the merits of adopting a particular viewpoint or taking a specific course of action.
• Speech


  Communication through talking or a talk given to an audience. The ability to express one's thoughts and emotions by speech sounds and gestures.
• Key Tips for Preparing a Speech


  • Organize your speech
  • Get to the Point
  • Use short words and short sentences
  • Persuade with power