- LTM is the storage of memories over a long period of time
- suggested there are 3 types, either declarative/explicit (what) accessed consciously, or non-declarative which are implicit and not consciously recalled
define episodic LTM
- experiences and events,'time stamped' with reference to time and place
- declarative, recalled consciously and auto biographical
- strength of memory is influenced by emotion,associated with hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
define semantic LTM
- facts, meanings and knowledge
- declarative and recalled consciously,strength from processing depth
- lasts longer than episodic, not time stamped, episodic becomes semantic over time, associated with the perirhinal cortex
define procedural LTM
- unconscious memories of skills that are often learnt in childhood
- non-declarative, not recalled consciously
- more resistant to fore getting than episodic or semantic, associated with motor cortex and cerebellum
A03 - CliveWearing
- has retrograde amnesia, cannot remember his musicaleducation or wedding (episodic) however remembersfacts about his life (semantic) and can play the piano (procedural)
- cannot encode newepisodic or semantic memories but can gainnewprocedural memories via repetition
A03 - generalisation
- generalising findings of ideographic clinical case studies to explain how memory works in the widerpopulation is problematic
A03 - types of LTM
- may not truly be distinct
- episodic and semantic are both declarative; with episodic becoming semantic overtime
- can produce automaticlanguage (combining semantic and procedural)
key study: Tulivng
- 6 ppts asked to indulge on episodicLTM retrieval for a series of 4 trials,lasting 80 secs each
- ppts injected with a small amount of radioactive gold, which was scanned to detect its location in the brain
- found that during this task, there was activation in the frontal lobe