bio

• Microbial parasite


  • Microbe - organism that can be seen only through a microscope
  • Parasites - an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food from or at the expense of its host
• Symbiotic relationship


  An ongoing interaction between organisms of different species. Some interactions will benefit at least one of the organisms, or both can benefit, or in some cases, one or both organisms may be harmed by the relationship, or it won't have an impact at all.
• 6 Major Symbiotic Relationships


  • Mutualism: both organisms' benefit.
  • Commensalism: one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
  • Amensalism: neither organism benefits, but one is harmed.
  • Competition: neither organism benefits.
  • Mimicry: one organism benefits with no effect on the other.
  • Parasitism: the parasitic organism benefits at the expense of the host.
• Parasitism


  A close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life
• Endoparasites


  Parasites that live in a host organism
• Ectoparasites

  Parasites that live on the surface of the host
• Microparasites


  Microorganisms and viruses that can reproduce and complete their life cycle within the host
• Obligate parasite


  Depends completely on the host to complete its life cycle
• Intracellular parasites


  Adapt to multiply within the host cell, using the benefits supplied by the intracellular environment
• Intermediate host


  Acts as a vector or delivery host before moving on to another host or the final definitive host
• Definitive host


  Hosts the parasite until sexual maturity
• Vector-transmitted parasites


  Rely on a third party, an intermediate host, where the parasite does not reproduce sexually to carry them from one definitive host to another
• Directly transmitted parasites


  Do not require a vector to reach their hosts
• Gram-negative bacteria


  Consisting of thin layers of peptidoglycan and doesn't retain the purple-colored stain, instead a red colored stain is retained
• Anaerobic organism


  Any organism that does not require molecular oxygen for growth. It may react negatively or even die if free oxygen is present
• Aerobic organism


  An organism that requires an oxygenated environment
• Gram-positive bacteria


  Have a thicker peptidoglycan cell wall. Gram-positive bacteria show blue or purple after gram-staining in a laboratory test
• Facultative parasite


  An organism that may resort to parasitic activity, but does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of its life cycle. It is not completely dependent on host.
• Trophically-transmitted parasites

  Transmitted by being eaten by a host
• rickettsia prowazekii is the scientific name for the protozoan parasite that causes epidemic typhus on humans and are transmitted via intermediate host or vectors which are human body louse.
• Chlamydia trachomatis is the parasite that causes Chlamydia and the ocular disease called trachoma in humans.
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis in humans.
• the protozoan parasite that causes diarrhea, UTI, pneumonia, respiratory disease, and other illnesses in humans is Escherichia coli it is trophically transmitted.
• Giarchia duodenalis its host are mammals and it causes severe diarrhea.
• Phytohomas staheli is the cause of oil palms and coconut palms, sudden wilt.
• Plasmodium malariae is the parasite responsible for malaria in humans so is the quartan fever and it is transmitted via mosquitos.
• Claviceps purpurea is the one responsible for the disease called ergot and ergotism it hosts are humans, rye, and grasses.
• Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a fungus that causes chytridiomycosis.
• Histoplasmus capsulatum causes histoplasmosis in humans and mammals. it is due to bat dropping that is inhaled by humans , it is typically air-borne.
• Microbial parasite


  A microscopic organism that lives on or in another organism and obtains its nutrients by causing harm to the host
• Microbe


  An organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye and can only be observed through a microscope
• Parasite


  An organism that lives on or in a host organism and obtains its food from or at the expense of its host