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Geometric Series
converges
if _
|r| <
1
Geometric Series
diverges
if _
|r|>
1
∑
a
r
k
=
∑ ar^k=
∑
a
r
k
=
a
+
a+
a
+
a
r
+
ar+
a
r
+
a
r
2
+
ar^2+
a
r
2
+
.
.
.
+
...+
...
+
a
r
k
ar^k
a
r
k
Geometric Series
The sum of a Geometric Series
∑
a
r
k
=
∑ ar^k=
∑
a
r
k
=
a
/
1
−
r
a/1-r
a
/1
−
r
How
to solve Telescoping Sums
Using
Partial Fraction Decomposition
, then input the
k
values.
∑
1
/
k
=
∑ 1/k =
∑
1/
k
=
1
+
1+
1
+
1
/
2
+
1/2+
1/2
+
1
/
3
1/3
1/3
Harmonic Series
It is a divergent series
Harmonic
Series
∑
1
/
k
p
=
∑ 1/k^p =
∑
1/
k
p
=
1
+
1+
1
+
1
/
2
p
+
1/2^p+
1/
2
p
+
1
/
3
p
1/3^p
1/
3
p
Hyperharmonic or P-series
P-series converges if
P
>
1
P-series diverges if
0
<
P
< 1
In
divergence test the series
diverges
if
u
k
≠
0
uk ≠ 0
u
k
=
0
In
divergence test, if uk = 0 it
diverges or
converges
,
inconclusive
How do we know when Integral Test is applicable?
If the series is
decreasing
Informal
principle
in comparison test
Constant
terms
in the denominator can be
deleted
In
limit comparison test, the series both converges or diverges if
p is
finite
and >
0
In Ratio Test, the series converges if
p
<
1
In Ratio Test, the series diverges if
p
> 1
or
infinity
In Ratio Test, the series is
inconclusive
if
p =
1
In Root Test if p < 1, the series
converges
In
Root Test, if p > 1 or infinity, the series
diverges
In Root Test if p = 1, the test is
inconclusive
Σ
(
−
1
)
(
k
−
1
)
Σ (-1)^(k-1)
Σ
(
−
1
)
(
k
−
1
)
Alternating Series
Σ
(
−
1
)
k
Σ (-1)^k
Σ
(
−
1
)
k
Alternating Series
An
alternating series
converges
if
a
1
>
a
2
>
a
3
>
a
4
a_1>a_2>a_3>a_4
a
1
>
a
2
>
a
3
>
a
4
An alternating series converges if the limit is
equal to
zero
In absolute convergence, a series is said to converge absolutely if
If the series of absolute values
converges
The ratio test can be used on any series with
positive
terms.
A
conditionally convergent series is one that converges but does
not
converge absolutely.
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