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• Standard Drainage

  • Foul Drainage
  • Surface Water Drainage
  • Combined Drainage
• Inlets

  Storm drain inlets are the openings that allows storm water to flow into a storm drainage system
• Types of Inlets

  • Curb Opening Inlet
  • Grate Inlet
  • Combination Inlet
• Curb Opening Inlet

  A long, narrow horizontal opening at the edge of a curb
• Grate Inlet

  An architectural feature commonly found in buildings, particularly in areas with a high potential for water accumulation
• Combination Inlet


  It refers to a specific design of an inlet that combines multiple flow streams or fluids into a single flow path
• Culverts


  Massive pipes that carry storm water underground to a local pond treatment plant, or another destination
• Types of Culverts


  • Pipe Culverts
  • Box Culverts
  • Arch Culverts
  • Bridge Culverts
  • Metal Box Culverts
• Pipe Culverts


  The most common types of culverts due to competitive price and easy installation
• Box Culverts


  Made of concrete and especially, RCC
• Arch Culverts


  Suitable for large waterways openings where fishes can be provided with a greater hydraulic advantage
• Bridge Culverts


  Serve a dual purpose. They act both as bridge and a culvert
• Metal Box Culverts


  The economic alternative of the bridge
• Manhole


  A covered opening in a ground surface, typically found in streets, providing access to underground, utilities, drainage system, and sewers
• Trunk Line


  Also known as mainline or transmission line, refers to the primary pipeline or conduit used for transporting large volumes of fluids, gases, or data over long distance
• Functions that Storm Drains Perform


  • Reduce Flooding
  • Using Collected Water
  • Keeping Plant Tree
  • Avoid Spreading Contaminants
  • Minimizing Infrastructure Damage
• Sewage


  Waste conveyed through sewers from homes or workplace, containing 99% water, solid debris, ions, and harmful microorganisms
• Types of Sewage Disposal System


  • Cesspool
  • Privy
  • Public Sewer Line

  
• Cesspool


  Precursor to modern septic tanks, uses pit lined with stone, concrete or brick to hold home wastewater, average size is 5ft in diameter and deep, with a capacity of 750 - 1500 gallons

  
• Privy


  Historically, modest wooden structure with walls, roof, privacy door, basic ventilation, and seats
• Public Sewer Line


  Operated and maintained by the government, transfers raw sewage from buildings to the disposal system
• Types of Public Sewer Line

  • Combination Public Sewer
  • Sanitary Sewer

  
• Combination Public Sewer


  The oldest type of public sewer combines storm water and sanitary waste
• Sanitary Sewer


  A public facility transporting regular sanitary waste, rainwater is not allowed
• Types of Sanitary Sewer


  • Intercepting or Trunk Line
  • Tributary or Contributing Sewer

  
• Intercepting or Trunk Line


  A large pipes capable of transporting millions of gallons daily
• Tributary or Contributing Sewer


  Comprises vitrified clay or concrete pipe in an open trench, typically smaller in diameter, it is built no more than 3 meters below street level
• Procedures to determine materials required for public sewer line

  1. Find the net distance between manholes to be laid with concrete pipes

  2. Divide the net distance by the length of one pipe at 1.00 meter long

  3. Subtract 3% to 4% from the obtained number of pipes to get the exact number required

  
• Septic Tank


  A receptacle or vault used to collect organic waste discharged from the house sewer, retention period allows sedimentation to remove 60% to 70% of suspended solids, forming sludge that settles at the tank bottom
• Construction of Septic Tank


  • Concrete Septic Tank
  • Steel Septic Tank
  • Plastic Septic Tank
  • Fiberglass Septic Tank
• General Conditions for Septic Tank


  Rectangular shapes, 90cm by 150cm inside dimensions, and a 120cm depth for effective organic material decomposition
• Size of Septic Tank


  Minimum Capacity 1.3 Cubic meters for a family of six, Tank width: 90 centimeters; Length: 150 centimeters; depth: 120 centimeters, Residential installations allow 5-6 cubic feet per person
• Location of Septic Tank

  2.00 meters from the outside wall of the building, avoid placing near doors or windows, at least 15 meters away from any water supply source
• Soil Pipes


  Designed to transport the soiled water (blackwater) from your toilet, urinal, or bidet

  
• Soil Stack


  The vertical pipe located outside the building that is known as the soil stack
• Soil Vent


  The extension of the waste stock to provide venting
• Soil Branch


  A soil pipe, installed horizontally with lateral or vertical connections, receives water closet discharges with or without additional plumbing fixtures

  
• House Sewer


  The connection of the horizontal house drainage system to the public sewer, where all waste and soil pipes inside the home or building will ultimately discharge

  
• Difference between House Sewer and Septic Tank


  A septic tank is your personal sewage system that treats your wastewater on site

  
• Types of House Sewer


  • Public Sewer Connection
  • Septic System
  • Grinder Pump System