MCQ

• Circulatory System


  Pumping of blood through the entire body by the heart

  
• Lab 5 Circulatory System


  31/3/2024
• Circulatory System consists of


  • Cardiovascular system
  • Lymphatic system

  
• Cardiovascular system components


  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Arteries
  • Capillaries
  • Veins
  • Blood

  
• Blood


  • Transports nutrients, hormones
  • Removes waste products
  • Facilitates gaseous exchange
  • Provides immunity
• Blood vessels


  • Transport blood
  • Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Carry nutrients and wastes

  
• Heart


  • Muscular organ
  • Pumps blood through blood vessels

  
• Heart chambers


  • Right Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Atrium
  • Left Ventricle
• Heart valves


  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
  • Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve
  • Aortic (Semilunar) Valve

  
• Septum


  • Muscle that divides the heart into right and left halves
• Heart functions


  • Right side receives blood from body and sends to lungs (pulmonary)
  • Left side receives blood from lungs and sends to body (systemic)

  
• Pericardium


  • Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
  • Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
  • Allows the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment

  
• Heart wall layers


  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium
  • Fibrous skeleton
  • Endocardium

  
• Skin color varies due to melanin production by melanocytes.
• The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin that protects against injury and infection.
• Melanin pigmentation can be influenced by genetics, sun exposure, age, and hormonal changes.
• The hypodermis provides insulation and attaches the skin to underlying tissues.
• Keratin provides protection against physical trauma and microorganisms.
• Heart valves


  Ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart

  
• Atrioventricular (AV) valves


  Lie between the atria and the ventricles

  
• AV valves


  Prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract
• AV valves


  • Tricuspid Valve
  • Mitral Valve
• Semilunar valves


  Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
• Semilunar valves


  • Aortic semilunar valve (between left ventricle and aorta)
  • Pulmonary semilunar valve (between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk)

  
• Heart Valves


  • Tricuspid Valve (regulates blood flow between Right Atrium and Right Ventricle)
  • Pulmonary Valve (controls blood flow from Right Ventricle into Pulmonary Arteries)
  • Mitral Valve (lets oxygenated blood from lungs pass from Left Atrium into Left Ventricle)
  • Aortic Valve (opens way for oxygenated blood to pass from Left Ventricle into Aorta and to rest of body)

  
• Blood components


  • Blood Vessels (closed network of tubes including Arteries, Capillaries, Veins)

  
• Arteries


  Always carry blood away from heart

  
• Veins


  Always return blood to heart, contain about 2/3 body's blood at any given time

  
• Arteries


  • Thick walled tubes, Elastic Fibers, Circular Smooth Muscle
• Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries. They are the thickest blood vessels and they carry blood high in oxygen known as oxygenated blood (oxygen rich blood).

  
• Arteries


  • Accompanied by vein and nerves, Lumen is small, No valves, Repeated branching

  
• Capillaries


  The smallest blood vessels, connect arteries and veins, where exchange of nutrients and gases occurs
• Veins


  • Thin Walled, Large irregular lumen, Have valves, Dead space around, Types: Large, Medium, Small
• Circulation


  • Coronary circulation (blood within heart)
  • Pulmonary circulation (between heart and lungs)
  • Systemic circulation (between heart and body cells)

  
• Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood within the heart.

  
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and lungs.

  
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body.

  
• The dermis contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
• During puberty, increased levels of sex hormones stimulate sebaceous glands to produce more oil, leading to acne breakouts.