STS

• Science and technology are intertwined with one another. It shows how developed the society is.
• Ancient Period


  The caveman discovered how to make and use tools, and developed a logical sequence of activities and processes that contributed to his life
• Human artifacts, Tools


  2.3 million years ago
• Mesopotamian (400 BC)


  • Disease, symptoms, chemical substances, and astronomical observations
• Nile Valley of Egypt


  • Treatment of wounds and diseases, Mathematical calculation
• Number of philosophers arises, Euclid – founder of modern geometry, Archimedes – founder of engineering mechanics. He also calculated the value of pi


  300 to 400 BC
• Copper was discovered, Bronze (combination of copper and tin)

  3000 BC – Bronze Age
• 2 wheeled carts were created

  3500 BC – Mesopotamia
• The first pyramid was built in Egypt, the most outstanding development in science and technology.


  Urbanization (3000 BC)
• Middle Ages (450-1450 AD)


  During the Dark Ages (medieval period in Europe) warfare had improved tremendously.
• The Renaissance era (1450 – 1600 AD)


  The rebirth of knowledge
• Copernicus – heliocentrism


  Ptolemy – geocentrism
• Galileo


  1608 – republic of Venice, Galileo studied and successfully made his copy of the Spyglass. In another copy, he had his modifications which became known as the "telescope". He then invented the microscope and thermometer.
• Isaac Newton


  Helped define the laws of gravity and planetary motion, co-founded calculus, laws of light and color.
• Albert Einstein


  He became famous in the 20th century. His works greatly impacted the different theories and concepts that are still applicable and used today (quantum theory to nuclear power and atom bomb).
• The Industrial Revolution


  Began the production of factories (mass production of goods). In 1800, lightbulbs replaced the candles and oil lamps.
• Before the Spanish Colonization


  • The technology can be observed in handicrafts, pottery, weaving, metalware, and boats. They have their method of writing, counting, and medicinal herbs. Moreover, they have a system for determining days without a calendar.
• Spanish Colonial Period


  • Formal education, Sanitation and more advanced methods in agriculture, Study of medicine was given priority, Contributed to the field of engineering and construction, Meteorological studies, Manila Observatory was founded
• American and Post-Commonwealth Period


  • Industrial technology was not given much focus due to the free trade policy with the United States, The Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science in 1946, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia passed the Science Act of 1958, establishing the National Science Development Board.
• Science as an Idea


  Includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world
• Science as an Intellectual Activity


  Encompasses a systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world. This process of study involves systematic observation and experimentation.
• Science as a Body of Knowledge (School Science)


  A subject, a discipline, or a field of study that deals with learning about the world.
• Science as a Personal and Social Activity


  It is both knowledge and activities done by humans to understand, improve, and survive life.
• Philosophy


  Provides alternative or possible explanations for certain phenomena.
• Religion


  To rationalize the origins of life and all lifeless forms.
• Scientific Revolution


  The Enlightenment period when the developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed society's views.
• Transformed the natural world and the world of ideas
• Maya Civilization


  • Lasted for approximately 2,000 years, Works in astronomy, Pyramid at chichen itza, mexico, Mayan calendar, Hydraulic system, Mica, Mayan hieroglyphics
• Inca Civilization


  • Roads paved with stones, Stone buildings, Irrigation system and technique, Calendar with 12 months, First suspension bridge, Quipu – a system of knotted ropes, Inca textiles
• Aztec Civilization


  • Mandatory education, Chocolates, Antipasmodic medication, Chinampa, Aztec calendar, Invention of canoe
• India


  • Known for manufacturing iron and metallurgical works, Ayurveda – a system of traditional medicine, Susruta Samhita – ancient medicinal and surgical text, Astronomy: Spherical self-supporting earth, 360 days with 12 equal parts, Siddhanta Shiromani – a book containing astronomical discoveries, Mathematics: Mohenjo daro ruler, Aryabhatiya by Aryabhata – a book that introduced trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques, Brahmagupta – use of zero, Madhava of Sangamagrama – father of mathematical analysis
• China


  • Acupuncture, Compass, Gunpowder, Printing tools, Supernovas, eclipses, & comets, Seismology
• Middle East


  • Ibn al-haytham – father of optics, Muhammad ibn Musa al-khwarizmi – concept of the algorithm, Al-jabr – algebra, Jabir ibn Hayyan – father of chemistry, Ibn Sina – a pioneer in experimental medicine
• Science


  The collective human effort to understand the history of the natural world and how it works; the knowledge about the natural world through observations and experiments.
• Technology


  The knowledge of Science that has been put to practical use to solve problems
• Development


  Always linked with technology, which is caused by any advancement in science.
• Countries around the world were classified based on the economic status and application of technology


  Developed and developing countries
• National Development


  According to the World Bank, by 2020, 7 out of 10 countries with the largest economies will be coming from Asia. These countries are China, Japan, India, Thailand, South Korea, and Taiwan.
• Positive Impact of Technology on Society

  • Mechanized Agriculture, Improvement in Transportation, Improvement in Communication, Improvement in Education and Learning Process
• Negative Impact of Technology on Society

  • Resource Depletion, Increase in Population