Acheivement motivation theory

• Achievement Motivation

  The desire to succeed - fear of failure

  The desire to keep on trying to succeed
• NACH

  Need to achieve

  - show perseverance

  - tackle problems

  - enjoys getting feedback

  - choose harder route as they COULD win

  - not afraid of failure

  - like at least 50% chance of success
• NAF

  Need to avoid failure

  - take the easier route to sucesss

  - find alternate ways to play

  - avoid competition

  - shy away from challenge

  - give up easily

  - dislikes personal feedback
• Developing the Need to Achieve

  - Reinforcement through task persistence

  - Offer praise and rewards to player who do well and want to continue

  - Attribute success internally

  - Allowing success

  - Encourage belief

  - Adapt training drills and techniques that can be accomplished early on

  - Improving confidence develops NACH

  - Goal setting
• Achievement Goal Theory


  Motivation and task persistence depends on the type of goal set and how they are measured

  
• What is Atkinsons model of achievement motivation?

  Atkinson suggested that in demanding situations performers will exhibit either NACH (need to achieve) or NAF (need I to avoid failure) characteristics. This is based on their personality and the situation, it can be defined as the drive to succeed minus the fear of failure.
• What are 10 personality characteristics of a NACH performer?

  1. Exhibit approach behaviour.

  2. High self efficacy/confidence

  3. Enjoy competition and challenge.

  4. Takes risks

  5. Sticks with tasks until complete.

  6. Regards failure as a step to success.

  7. Welcomes feedback, uses it to improve.

  8. Take personal responsibility for the outcome.

  9. Attributes success internally.

  10. Likes an audience when performing.
• What are 9 personality characteristics of a NAF performer?

  1. Exhibits avoidance behaviour.

  2. Low self efficacy/confidence.

  3. Dislikes competition and challenges.

  4. Take the easy option.

  5. Gives up easily.

  6. Doesn't welcome feedback.

  7. May experience learned helplessness.

  8. Attributes failure internally.

  9. Dislikes performing in front of an audience.
• What are the situational characteristics of a NACH performer?

  Very competitive - likes tasks with:

  - a low probability of success

  - a high incentive
• What are the situational characteristics of a NAF performer?

  Not competitive - likes tasks with:

  - a high probability of success

  - a low incentive
• Give an example of a NACH performer

  A snowboarder takes the risky route rather than the easier blue run, knowing that she is likely to fall over, but seeing as a challenge
• Give an example of a NAF performer

  Mid-table squash player prefers to play opponents from the bottom of the table, rather than those near to him as he is more likely to win.
• Describe the achievement goal theory

  Suggests that every performer will have their own perception of what achievement means to them, and what being successful looks like. In specific Situations, individuals can either set outcome-orientated goals or task-orientated goals.

  
  

  Outcome-orientated goals are set with the specific aim to beat others. If a performer continually achieves this, then motivation and confidence will be high. However, it's unrealistic to expect victory in every encounter and therefore, being beaten may reduce confidence.

  
  

  Task-orientated goals, don't measure a persons ability against others . The aim is to master skill or improve on your own performance. The process is more important than the outcome.
• What are 4 ways to generate approach behaviours?

  1. Ensure success by setting achievable goals.

  2. Raise confidence by giving positive reinforcement, praise and awards.

  3. Highlight successful role models that have comparable characteristics.

  4. Credit internal reasons, e.g. ability, for success