determinism

• Behaviourism

  Behaviorists are hard environmental determinists; they consider behaviour to be entirely the result of creatures' interactions with their environment. Behaviour an individual has found rewarding in the past will more likely to be repeated. As free will has no role in behaviourist theory, they are considered to be hard determinists.
• SLT

  Environmentally deterministic however, Bandura also argued for reciprocal determinism, behaviour caused by the environment, our behaviour determines the environment. e.g., a child who works hard for a test has an effect on their environment, an A grade and a teacher who gives praise; this environment then acts as a motivation to work even harder.
• Cognitive approach

  Cognitive psychologists are soft determinists, arguing there are causal factors that influence behaviour. People learn schema through experience, which acts as automatic templates for our behaviour. But they also suggest that with conscious effort (free will), maladaptive automatic internal mental proceses can be modified.
• Biological approach

  Biological determinism suggests behaviour is entirely caused (hard determinism) by our physical nature, including hormones, brains, neurotransmitters, and genes. Behaviours such as aggression and mental health disorders are explained as due to an imbalance of neurotransmitters due to the inheritance of dysfunctional genes.
• Psychodynamic approach

  Psychodynamic researchers argue for physic determinism, the idea that unconscious thoughts, drives and repressed memories shape our conscious behaviours. These unconscious forces are formed in childhood and influence adult behaviour throughout life.
• Humanistic approach

  Humanists are the only approach that argues for free will, the idea that humans have agency, we are able to make our own decisions free from restraints, and we have moral responsibility for those choices.