External Class Differences

• Cultural deprivation


  This term:

  - intellectual development limited,

  - restricted language code,

  - attitudes and values of the working class
• Material deprivation


  This term:

  - lack of resources needed for success isn't provided

  - ECONOMIC deprivation,

  - bad diet,

  - poverty,
• Cultural capital


  This term:

  - Middle class cultural knowledge

  - Attitudes and values that lead to educational success

  - Term by Bourdeu
• Compensatory education

  This POLICY

  - Government policy

  - programs or services designed to help children at risk of cognitive impairment and low educational achievement succeed,

  - e.g. sure start, operation head start, sesame Street.
• Restricted code


  This speech code:

  - Spoken by the working class.

  - Grammatically incorrect.

  - Slang.

  - Broken sentences.

  - Context bound.
• Elaborate code


  This speech code:

  - Meanings are made detailed,

  - explanations are provided

  - Usually used by Middle Class.
• Working class subculture values

  Sugarmans four values of the working class.

  - Fatalism,

  - collectivism,

  - immediate gratification,

  - present time orientation.
• Middle class subculture values

  Values that middle class hold

  - Deferred gratification,

  - future-time,

  - individualism.
• Fatalism


  This term:

  The belief that your fate is already set and what will be will be.
• Criticism of cultural deprivation

  Evaluation

  - Assumes that all working class children fail - determinist.

  - Victim blaming - e.g. blames the working class for their failure.
• Debt aversion


  This term:

  Working class don't want to go into debt because they don't see the benefit even if it's for educational purposes
• Marketisation and parental choice


  This term

  Marketisation is the process of making education an business which gives parents a choice in their childs school. An example of a parent is privileged choosers who have the cultural capital as well as material capital to send their children to the best school.
• Bernstein


  This sociologist:

  - Cultural deprivation theorist.

  - Examined speech codes

  - Restricted and elaborate
• Douglas

  Bernstein and Young

  These THREE sociologists:

  - Cultural deprivation theorist.

  - M/C spend their income on educational toys, books and activities

  - Stimulate cognitive development
• Hubbs- Tait

  This sociologists:

  - M/C parents use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understanding, e.g. What do you think? Whats your opinion?

  - W/C parents use language that is simplistic/descriptive, e.g. What is that animal called?
• Bourdieu

  This sociologist:

  - french sociologist

  - Argued that the middle class possess CULTURAL CAPITAL.
• Cultural capital


  This term:

  - refers to the knowledge, attitudes, values, language and tastes of the middle class.

  - gives the m/c an educational advantage

  - schools value the m/c values
• Bull

  This sociologist:

  - 'the costs of free schooling'.

  - hidden costs such as uniform, school trips, books, computers, calculators, playing sports, music and art equipment places a burden on poor families.
• Flaherty

  This sociologist:

  - fear of bullying and stigma

  - Students fail to take up 'free school meals'

  - leaves students hungry in lesson and unable to concentrate.