vaccination

• What is an antigen?

  molecular traces (proteins) on the surface of pathogens that leukocytes detect to produce antibodies.
• Why are antigens important?

  they help to neutralise and eliminate harmful pathogens.
• What is an antibody?

  proteins produced by a type of white blood called lymphocytes that attaches to antigens on pathogens and kills them.
• Where are antibodies made?

  lymphocytes
• What are leukocytes?

  White blood cells.
• How can you make antibodies?

  ribosomes cause protein synthesis to produce amino acids for antibodies, use energy released by mitochondria.
• What is vaccine? (What does it contain?)

  attenuated (mild/heated) microbes.
• What does the term 'herd immunity' mean?

  this is where a large proportion of the population is immune to a disease.
• What is the effect of herd immunity?

  spread of pathogen is reduced and the disease may even disappear.
• How do vaccines work?

  1). inject dead/weakened version of pathogen

  2). WBCs learn & remember how to make effective antibodies

  3). exposure to pathogen causes WBCs to produce correct antibodies quickly to prevent from illness.