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Genetic Engineering/Modification
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What is genetic engineering?
The
transfer
of a
piece
of
DNA
from
one
organism
to another
organism
What is another name for genetic engineering?
Genetic
modification
T or F? Genetic engineering can only be done between two organisms of the same species.
False
Genetic engineering is
possible
between completely
different
species
, and even
between
kingdoms
such as from
animals
to
bacteria.
Sheep
have been
genetically
engineered
to
produce
drugs
in their
milk.
Which of the following has been genetically engineered to produce human insulin?
Bacteria
Give three traits that could have been altered by genetic engineering in crops.
Increased
yield
e.g.
bigger
fruit
Increase
quality
e.g.
better
taste
Resistance to
disease
Resistance to
insects
Resistance to
herbicides
Resistance to
droughts
What is gene therapy?
The
treatment
of an
inherited
disorder
by giving the
patient
a
healthy
copy
of the
faulty
gene
Which of these disorders could be treated with gene therapy?
Cystic
fibrosis
What are the drawbacks of genetic engineering?
If the
crops
breed
with wild
plants
they could
spread
the
new
genes
and
affect
the
gene
pool
There is a
small
risk
that
genetically
modified
food
could
negatively
affect our
health
Steps of genetic engineering for human insulin
Isolate
the
insulin
gene
from
human
DNA.
Insert the
DNA
into a
vector
, such as a
plasmid.
Insert the
plasmid
into a
host
bacterium.
Let the bacteria
divide
and then
produce
the
insulin
protein.
What is the name of the small circles of DNA that are genetically modified in bacteria?
Plasmids
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