Chapter 2 - Lesson 2

    Cards (25)

    • RISK
      The probability that a hazard in the environment can actually negatively affect the individual
    • RISK-TAKING
      A behavior of doing something regardless of potential loss
    • Risk-taking is a normal part of adolescent development
    • Risk-taking is defined as participation in potentially health-compromising activities with little understanding of, or in spite of an understanding of, the possible negative consequences
    • Health risks identified by the DOH in its Adolescent and Youth Health Policy (2000)
      • Substance Use
      • Premarital sex
      • Early Childbearing
      • Abortion
      • HIV/AIDS
      • Violence
      • Malnutrition
      • Mental Health
    • Adolescent living situations according to 2006 McCann Erickson Study
      • 53% live with both parents
      • 5% live without a mother
      • 20% live without a father
      • 23% live without both parents
    • Non-sexual behaviors of adolescents in the country
      • 20.7% - Smoking
      • 38.9% - Drinking alcohol
      • More than 3 out of 100 have used drugs
      • More than 8 out of 100 have ever thought of suicide (2002). But in 2013, it decreased to 2.4%, below the national average
    • Sex and Media have been identified as key influencers among adolescents engaging in high risk behaviors, as shown in studies in NCR and CALABARZON
    • Sexual risks among adolescents
      • 1 out of 3 adolescents has sexual experience
      • First sex – 17 years old for male; 18 years old for female
      • 1 out of 50 had sex before the age of 15, while one in four had sex before age 18
      • 7 out of 10 of 1st premarital sex cases are unprotected against unintended pregnancy and sexually-transmitted infections (STI)
      • 1.2% have paid for sex
      • 1.3% received payment for sex
      • 6.7% have engaged in casual sex
      • 4.1% mostly males have FUBU
      • 6.3% have males having sex with males
      • 2.9% of married youth have engaged in extramarital sex
    • Giving birth at younger ages has also been evident in the Filipino youth. Such that there is a marked increase in teenage fertility in the past decade
    • Teenage fertility rates
      • 7.1% - 15-19 years old are already mothers
      • The proportion of women who begun childbearing increases with age: 2.0% aged 16y.o., 31.2% aged 19 y.o.
    • As of 2013, 86.7% have heard of HIV and AIDS with poor understanding being the highest in the country
    • Marijuana
      Also known as Cannabis, Grass, Joint, Splif, Hashish, Pot, Weed
    • Marijuana
      • It is a plant grown and used worldwide
      • Usually people smoke the leaves but the leaves and the stem can be made into tea, or even cookies
    • Effects of marijuana
      • You can stay under the influence for about two or three hours
      • Some people become relaxed and happy while others feel panic or fear
      • Users' eyes usually become red and their throats and mouths will become dry
      • Appetite may increase
    • Effects of marijuana
      • Increase in heart rate and dilation of certain blood vessels in the eyes
      • Chronic bronchial irritation is one of the long-term effects of chronic marijuana use
      • Impairment of long-term memory
      • Gum disease
      • Increased risk of cancers of the mouth, jaw, tongue and lung
      • Impairment of the immune system
      • Long-term marijuana use may result in decreased testosterone levels
      • Decreased sperm counts
      • Increased sperm abnormalities in male users
      • Heavy marijuana use during pregnancy may cause impaired fetal growth and development
    • Mairungi
      Also known as Khat, Qat, and Mirraa. It is the common name for a stimulant leaf that is chewed in much of East Africa.
    • Effects of Mairungi
      • Sleeplessness
      • Anxiety
      • Aggressive behaviour
      • Hallucinations
      • Some men are unable to get an erection after they have been chewing
    • Alcohol
      The most common drug and is used worldwide. Because it is legal, often kept in the home and comes in extremely cheap local brews.
    • Effects of Alcohol
      • At first, alcohol causes relaxation and people feel less self-conscious. After more alcohol, and individual gets drunk; reaction time slows down and thinking straight becomes difficult.
    • Cigarettes
      Also known as tobacco, and cigars.
    • Reasons young people start smoking
      • Influence of friends
      • Seductive advertisements
      • Older role models like siblings' or celebrities
    • Effects of Cigarettes
      • According to WHO (2006), tobacco is the second major cause of death in the world
      • Nicotine, which is found in tobacco products including cigarettes, is highly addictive
      • The tar in cigarettes increases a smoker's risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchial disorders
      • The carbon monoxide in smoke increases the chance of cardiovascular diseases
      • Inhaling smoke passively causes lung cancer in adults and greatly increases the risk of respiratory illness in children
    • Cocaine
      Also known as Crack, Coke, C, Charlie, Nose candy, Toot, Bazooka, Big C, Cake, Lady, Stardust, Coco, Flake, Mister coffee.

      It is prepared from coca leaves which are greenish-yellow leaves of different size and appearance.
    • Effects of Cocaine
      • A small amount of cocaine will raise body temperature, make the heart beat faster, increase the breathing rate, make you feel over confident, and make you more alert with extra energy
      • When crack is smoked, all of these feelings are intensified
      • Excessive doses may lead to convulsions, seizures, strokes, cerebral hemorrhage, or heart failure
      • Long term effects of cocaine/crack use will lead to strong psychological dependence and other health problems like destroying nose tissues, reportorial problems, and weight loss