STS

• The Philippines


  • A treasure house of life
  • Hosts a staggering 25,000 km2 of coral reefs around its coasts
  • Several coastal marine environments are hugely important, particularly the seagrass beds and mangrove forests
  • Diverse ecosystems including beach forest, limestone forest, lowland forest, swamp forest, mossy forest, and open grassland
• West Visayan Big 5


  • Collection of species endemic to the West Visayan Faunal Region which includes the islands of Negros, Panay, Masbate, Guimaras, Ticao and Cebu
• • Biodiversity expires and a new international commitment will be agreed by world leaders
  • United Nations International Year of Biodiversity

  2010
• Biotechnology


  Uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for a specific use
• Genetic engineering

  Uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for a specific use
• 6 vegetables that are the same plant

  • Brassica oleracea - Over hundreds of years, farmers have been breeding one plant into dozens of different varieties
• Flavr Savr Tomato


  • The first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption
• Glow-in-the-dark mice


  • Mice that have been genetically engineered to glow in the dark
• Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety


  An international agreement which aims to ensure the safe handling, transport and use of living modified organisms (LMOs)
• The Philippines is the only country in Southeast Asia that has its own communication satellite.
• The Philippines is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world due to its location along the Pacific Ring of Fire.
• Philippine satellites are used to monitor typhoons, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, forest fires, and other natural disasters.
• The first Philippine satellite was launched on December 17, 2000.
• Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) was established by the government through Presidential Decree No. 1425 on June 30, 1975.
• In 1982, PLDT launched the first direct dial service between Manila and Los Angeles, California.
• In 2013, Typhoon Haiyan caused widespread destruction across the Visayas region, leaving over 7,000 people dead or missing.
• The second Philippine satellite was launched on November 30, 2006.
• The Philippine government uses satellite technology to improve agriculture by providing farmers with information about weather patterns, soil moisture levels, crop yields, and pest infestations.
• In 2013, the Department of Agriculture launched the Geographic Information System (GIS) program to assist farmers in making informed decisions based on accurate data.
• Nanotechnology


  Science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale (about 1 to 100 nanometers)
• Nanomaterials


  Materials used to make nanotechnology, can occur naturally, produced or product of human activity, engineered on purpose
• Electron Microscope


  • Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll built in 1930, uses particle beam to light up, can magnify million times, 2 types: Scanning EM (SEM) and Transmission EM (TEM)
• Atomic Force Microscope


  • First developed in 1986 by Greg Binig, Calvin Quate, and Christoph Gerber, has a mechanical probe that used to gather information from the surface of a materials
• Scanning Tunneling Microscope


  • A special type of microscope that enables scientist to view and manipulate nano particles, atom, and small molecules, Gerd Binig and Heinrich Rohver won Noble Prize in physics 1986
• Nano-manufacturing


  Scaled-up, reliable, and cost-effective manufacturing of nanoscale materials, devices, and system, involves research, improvement, and incorporation
• The Nano World is not in our ordinary vocabulary and consciousness, until the COVID-19 pandemic struck the world, which made us more aware of these microscopic particles that spread through the air and cause infection
• Chinese authorities first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) pneumonia cases with unknown cause in Wuhan, City, Hubei Province, China


  December 31, 2019
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) caused the outbreak of pneumonia cases
• COVID-19 is the disease caused by SARS-COV2 that triggers respiratory tract infection, the severity ranges from mild to deadly
• WHO declared the outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern

  January 30, 2020
• WHO Director General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus declared the COVID-19 Pandemic


  March 11, 2020
• Pandemic refers to the global spread of a new disease
• This pandemic has spread to 223 countries with over 117 million confirmed cases and over 2.6 million deaths


  March 10, 2021
• The diameter of SARS-COV2 ranges from 50nm to 140nm, this tiny thing can cause so much destructive power
• Main Function of the Cell

  The primary function of the cell is to maintain homeostasis and regulate its internal environment.
• PHERIMONY Regulation


  Buffering substances, Halloween Respiration, Exchange Reaction
• Gene Therapy


  A medical process that uses genes to prevent a disease
• Gene Therapy


  The introduction, removal or change in the genetic material of an individual to prevent or treat a disease
• Gene Therapy Approaches


  1. Replacement of a mutated gene

  2. Gene silencing or deactivating of a mutated gene

  3. Killing of specific cells
• Replacement of a mutated gene


  • A new functional and healthy gene will be inserted
  • Viral vectors are used to carry a healthy gene to the site of mutation
  • The mutated or non-functional gene will be cut away
  • The healthy gene will be inserted