term 3 yr 8

• accolade

  when you get knighted you have a ceremony called accolade
• benefices

  land exchanges for service of medieval knights
• chivalry

  a knights code of behaviour to follow
• who is the pope

  the bishop of Rome as head of the catholic church
• manor court

  the lowest court of law that the lord of manor had jurisdiction over
• trial by ordeal

  to determine the guilt or innocence of those accused of witchcraft
• 3 field system

  using 3 or more fields, farmers rotate their crops each year. This gave land time to recover and made for better farming yields
• a motte and bailey

  a castle of defence where a stone tower on a mound (the motte) is surrounded by an area of land (the bailey) which is encompassed by some sort of barrier such as a ditch
• a moat

  a deep and wide trench around the outside of a fortified place (such as a castle) that is usually filled with water
• whats a manor

  tracts of agricultural land, a village whos inhabitants worked that land, and a manor house where the lord who owned the estate lived
• tithe


  one tenth part of something, paid as a contribution to a religious organisation, or a compulsory tax to a government
• serfs

  a person who is forced to work on a plot of land
• peasants

  farmer with limited land ownership and pays rent, tax, fees, or services to a land lord
• merchants

  business people who participated in retail and trade
• whats a baron?

  a man who pledged his loyalty and service to his superior in return for land that he could pass to his heirs
• jousting meaning

  a medieval martial game between two combatants either on horse or on foot
• stirrup and saddle

  each pair of devices attached to each side of a horses saddle
• importance of religious institutions in shaping daily life of common people in medieval times

  church was one of the few sources of education. most schools were run by the church
• how was art used in religious settings during medieval times

  they served as moral guides
• about nuns

  
  

  • lived in small closed communities called convents
  • girls and women could join a convent and would follow strict rules
  • the chief nun was called the abbess
• about monks

  • lived in small closed communities called monasteries, which only males could join
• roles and hierarchies within religious institutions of the medieval period

  • head of catholic church was the pope who was very powerful
  • cardinals, archbishops, and bishops would support popes orders
  • priests, nuns, monks, friars took the churches messages to people in villages and collect taxes for church
• beliefs about witches and persecution and trial

  • the fear of witches got worse from social challenges of war etc
  • trails included the "swimming trials" where being able to float was evidence of being a witch
• how are justice and punishment administrated in medieval times

  bishops and other church officials often served as judges
• explain the feudal system and why it worked

  the system worked because lower classes agreed to serve upper classes in exchange for protection. It retained a stable political structure
• agriculture practices

  planting one crop in a third of the field, another corp in a separate third and leaving the last third open
• levels of becoming a knight

  1. page - begins training at age 7
  2. squires- begins training at 13-14 and learns to fight on horseback, and serve knights in battle
  3. when old enough/showed skills, become a knight by the Lord of the manor and have a ceremony
• clergy and knights

  loyalty to pope over king, offered to fight and pray for the monarch, allocated spare land
• what did lords and bishops do

  land owning nobles, required to give king loyalty, fight for him in wars, provide him with taxes collected from the peasants, give land
• what did monarchs do 


  gives land and privileges to lords and bishops, and owned all land
• structure of feudal system

  1. monarch
  2. lords and bishops
  3. clergy and knights
  4. serfs
• role of lords/dukes

  lords are second highest in the feudal system, helps king fight in wars, attend royal court.
• who owned castles in medieval times

  kings or lords
• Who generally dealt with the most serious crimes like murder?

  Royal court
• Why might a Medieval peasant find the Church important?

  For spiritual and social support
• What were the first castles made from?

  timber
• Which courts were generally less severe?

  church courts
• how were hands treated after the ordeal by fire?

  bandaged
• Was feudalism a good system of government?

  No, because it was unequal
• What were stocks and pillories used for?

  Restraining hands or feet for punishment