Demography

• Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand of the population per year
• Demography is the study of the population, birth rate, death rate immgration and emigration
• Immigration is the movement into a country
• Emigration movement out of a country to another country
• Natural change the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths in a population
• Net migration is the difference between the number of immigration and emigrants
• Infant mortality rate the number of infants that die before there first birthday per thousand per year
• Total fertility rate the number of women that have children between age 15-44
• Death rate the number of deaths per thousand per population
• Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand per year
• During the late 20th century the began rate began too.


  FALL
• What years did the birthrate rise?

  • 1941
  • 1961
  • 1921
• since 1901 the birth rate decreased due to?

  • better sanitation
  • knowledge of hygiene
• Why is the birth rate decreasing?

  • women remaining childless
  • birth age is 30
  • less ferile= less kids
• Sarah Harper discussed how education = career= fall in birth rate
• As the IMR falls what happens to the birth rate?

  falls
• immigrates have a higher birth rate due to high fertility rate
• What is chinas fertility rate?

  1.6
• Chinas one-child policy keep the fertility rate low as it went from 1.83 in 2014 to 1.5 in 2019
• The child policy showed that fertility was 5.8 children per woman to 2.7 in 1978, fertility would have declined regardless
• Reasons for the decline in fertility?

  • anxiety
  • abortions
  • sterilisation
• Korea's fertility hit the lowest 0.96
• Women in Korean's were having babies later in life, and had maximum of 2 in 1950-53 war
• Lee Chul Lee suggests it will take time as birthrate in Korea wen from 493,000 to 357,00
• The pill was introduced in 1967
• The equal pay act was introduced in 1973
• the divorce law was introduced in 1968- Separated from men
• feminisation of workforce= unexpected consequence= equal pay but no children
• Tranter in 1996= 3/4 of the decline of the death rate from 1850-1970 was due to fall from things like TB
• What were the diseases of affluence?

  heart disease and cancer have replaced infectious diseases and main cause of death
• Mckeown in 1972 argued an increase in nutrition accounted for a halt the reduction of death rates this increase resistance for TB
• Females lived longer than males
• before the 1950's medical improvements didn't help health but after it did ie antibiotics
• reduction of death rate in 20th century?

  • decline of dangerous manual occupations
  • smaller families
  • more knowledge
  • life style changes
  • higher incomes
• Males born in 1900 live till 50
• Woman born in 1900 live till 57
• Males born in 2013 live till 90
• Females born in 2013 live till 94
• In the 1900s children and infants barely survived.
• working-class men are 3x more likely to die before ages 65 compared to middle