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Psychology
Biopsych
Structure and function of Neurons
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What are the three main types of neurons?
Sensory
,
relay
, and
motor
neurons
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How do the functions of neurons differ?
Each neuron has a different function based on its location and role in the
nervous system
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What is a common feature of all three types of neurons?
They consist of similar
parts
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How do sensory neurons differ from motor neurons in terms of location?
Sensory neurons are found in
receptors
, while motor neurons are found in the
central nervous system
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Where are sensory neurons primarily located?
In
receptors
such as the
eyes
,
ears
,
tongue
, and
skin
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What is the role of sensory neurons?
They carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain
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Why do some sensory neurons not reach the brain?
They stop at the
spinal cord
to allow for quick reflex actions
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Where are relay neurons found?
Between
sensory input
and
motor output
, in the
brain
and
spinal cord
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What is the function of relay neurons?
They allow
sensory
and
motor
neurons to communicate
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What do motor neurons control?
Muscle
movements
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What happens when motor neurons are stimulated?
They release
neurotransmitters
that bind to
muscle receptors
to trigger a response
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What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
They receive signals from other
neurons
or sensory receptor cells
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What is the function of the axon?
It carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards the
axon terminals
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What is action potential?
An
electrical
signal that carries nerve impulses
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What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
It insulates the
axon
to allow faster
electrical impulse
travel
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Which type of neuron does not have a myelin sheath?
Relay neurons
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What is synaptic transmission?
The process by which
axon terminals
connect
neurons
to other neurons or organs
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What activates sensory neurons?
Sensory input
from the environment
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What do sensory neurons convert sensory information into?
Electrical impulses
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What is the primary function of neurons?
To transmit
electrical impulses
for communication
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How do sensory neurons allow us to feel sensations?
By detecting and responding to
external signals
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How do relay neurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons?
By
connecting
them and
allowing
signal transmission
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How do different types of sensory neurons respond to stimuli?
Some detect
temperature
while others detect pain
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What are the main components of a typical neuron?
Dendrites
,
axon
, and
cell body
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What does it mean that motor neurons are efferent?
They carry information out towards the
periphery
from the
central nervous system
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Where is the new nerve impulse generated in motor neurons?
In the neuron of the
motor cortex
of the
brain
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How is the cell body of a sensory neuron typically positioned?
It is on the
axon
, sticking out like a
sore thumb
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What do motor neurons connect to for movement?
Effectors
/muscles
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What is the sequence of neuron types in the nervous system?
Sensory
to
relay
to
motor
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What are the structural differences between the three main types of neurons?
Sensory neurons: Have
receptors
and carry impulses to the
CNS
Relay neurons
: Connect sensory and
motor neurons
, found in the CNS
Motor neurons: Control muscle movements and carry impulses away from the CNS
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What are the functions of the three main types of neurons?
Sensory neurons: Detect and transmit sensory information
Relay neurons: Facilitate communication between
sensory
and
motor
neurons
Motor neurons: Initiate muscle contractions and movements
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What is the role of neurotransmitters in motor neurons?
Released when motor neurons are
stimulated
Bind to
receptors
on muscles
Trigger a
response
leading to movement
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What is the significance of the myelin sheath in neurons?
Insulates axons
Increases speed of
electrical impulse
transmission
Present in most axons except
relay neurons
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How do sensory neurons convert environmental signals?
Activated by sensory input
Convert information into
electrical impulses
Part of the
peripheral nervous system
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What is the overall function of neurons in the nervous system?
Transmit
electrical impulses
Facilitate communication between the
brain
and body
Enable responses to
stimuli
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