Structure and function of Neurons

    Cards (35)

    • What are the three main types of neurons?
      Sensory, relay, and motor neurons
    • How do the functions of neurons differ?
      Each neuron has a different function based on its location and role in the nervous system
    • What is a common feature of all three types of neurons?
      They consist of similar parts
    • How do sensory neurons differ from motor neurons in terms of location?
      Sensory neurons are found in receptors, while motor neurons are found in the central nervous system
    • Where are sensory neurons primarily located?
      In receptors such as the eyes, ears, tongue, and skin
    • What is the role of sensory neurons?
      They carry nerve impulses to the spinal cord and brain
    • Why do some sensory neurons not reach the brain?
      They stop at the spinal cord to allow for quick reflex actions
    • Where are relay neurons found?
      Between sensory input and motor output, in the brain and spinal cord
    • What is the function of relay neurons?
      They allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate
    • What do motor neurons control?
      Muscle movements
    • What happens when motor neurons are stimulated?
      They release neurotransmitters that bind to muscle receptors to trigger a response
    • What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?
      They receive signals from other neurons or sensory receptor cells
    • What is the function of the axon?
      It carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards the axon terminals
    • What is action potential?
      An electrical signal that carries nerve impulses
    • What is the purpose of the myelin sheath?
      It insulates the axon to allow faster electrical impulse travel
    • Which type of neuron does not have a myelin sheath?
      Relay neurons
    • What is synaptic transmission?
      The process by which axon terminals connect neurons to other neurons or organs
    • What activates sensory neurons?
      Sensory input from the environment
    • What do sensory neurons convert sensory information into?
      Electrical impulses
    • What is the primary function of neurons?
      To transmit electrical impulses for communication
    • How do sensory neurons allow us to feel sensations?
      By detecting and responding to external signals
    • How do relay neurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons?
      By connecting them and allowing signal transmission
    • How do different types of sensory neurons respond to stimuli?
      Some detect temperature while others detect pain
    • What are the main components of a typical neuron?
      Dendrites, axon, and cell body
    • What does it mean that motor neurons are efferent?
      They carry information out towards the periphery from the central nervous system
    • Where is the new nerve impulse generated in motor neurons?
      In the neuron of the motor cortex of the brain
    • How is the cell body of a sensory neuron typically positioned?
      It is on the axon, sticking out like a sore thumb
    • What do motor neurons connect to for movement?
      Effectors/muscles
    • What is the sequence of neuron types in the nervous system?
      Sensory to relay to motor
    • What are the structural differences between the three main types of neurons?
      • Sensory neurons: Have receptors and carry impulses to the CNS
      • Relay neurons: Connect sensory and motor neurons, found in the CNS
      • Motor neurons: Control muscle movements and carry impulses away from the CNS
    • What are the functions of the three main types of neurons?
      • Sensory neurons: Detect and transmit sensory information
      • Relay neurons: Facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons
      • Motor neurons: Initiate muscle contractions and movements
    • What is the role of neurotransmitters in motor neurons?
      • Released when motor neurons are stimulated
      • Bind to receptors on muscles
      • Trigger a response leading to movement
    • What is the significance of the myelin sheath in neurons?
      • Insulates axons
      • Increases speed of electrical impulse transmission
      • Present in most axons except relay neurons
    • How do sensory neurons convert environmental signals?
      • Activated by sensory input
      • Convert information into electrical impulses
      • Part of the peripheral nervous system
    • What is the overall function of neurons in the nervous system?
      • Transmit electrical impulses
      • Facilitate communication between the brain and body
      • Enable responses to stimuli
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