applied anatomy and physiology

• What is the primary function of the skeleton?

  To provide support and shape to the body
• Name one major bone in the human body.

  Cranium
• How does the skeleton protect internal organs?

  By encasing them in hard structures
• Which bone protects the brain during sports?

  Cranium
• What role do muscles play in relation to bones?

  They attach to bones to enable movement
• What are the five main functions of the skeleton?

  Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, mineral storage
• What is a synovial joint?

  A freely movable joint between bones
• What are the functions of the skeleton?

  • Provides support and posture
  • Protects internal organs
  • Allows movement via muscle attachment
  • Produces blood cells in marrow
  • Stores minerals like calcium and iron
• What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

  To allow friction-free movement in joints
• How do ligaments contribute to joint stability?

  By connecting bone to bone and preventing dislocation
• What connects muscle to bone?

  Tendons
• What is the function of cartilage in joints?

  To reduce friction and absorb shock
• What are the two types of cartilage mentioned?

  • Articular cartilage: Covers bone surfaces to reduce friction
  • White fibrocartilage: Absorbs shock in joints like the knee
• What type of joint is the elbow?

  A hinge joint
• Which bones articulate in the elbow joint?

  Humerus, radius, and ulna
• What type of joint is the shoulder?

  A ball and socket joint
• What movements can a ball and socket joint perform?

  Wide range of motion in all planes
• Which bones articulate in the hip joint?

  Pelvis and femur
• What is the function of articular cartilage?

  To prevent friction and absorb shock
• True or false: The fibula articulates in the knee joint.

  False
• What is white fibrocartilage's role in the spine?

  To absorb shock and allow smooth fitting
• What are the two types of joints discussed?

  Hinge and ball and socket joints
• What is a sporting example of elbow flexion?

  Bicep curl
• What is a sporting example of knee extension?

  Kicking a football
• What is a sporting example of shoulder abduction?

  Raising arms in a jumping jack
• What is a sporting example of hip rotation?

  Ballet dancer moving into first position
• What movement is associated with an increase in joint angle?

  Extension
• What movement is described as a screwdriver action?

  Rotation
• What movement is defined as moving towards the middle of the body?

  Adduction
• What is circumduction?

  A combination of movements for circular action
• True or false? A hinge joint has one plane of movement.

  True
• True or false? A ball and socket joint has three planes of movement.

  True
• True or false? Circumduction is associated with hinge joints only.

  False
• True or false? Adduction is the movement of legs away from the midline.

  False
• What are the articulating bones in the knee joint?

  Femur, tibia, and patella
• What are the articulating bones in the shoulder joint?

  Humerus, scapula, and clavicle
• What movements are possible at a ball and socket joint?

  All of the above
• Define a synovial joint.

  A freely movable joint
• What are the roles of ligaments and tendons?

  • Ligaments connect bone to bone, stabilizing joints.
  • Tendons connect muscle to bone, transmitting force.
• What is the function of articular cartilage?

  • Protects bone surfaces
  • Reduces friction
  • Absorbs shock