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18th and 19th century
Treatment
Surgery
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Created by
Harry Grigg
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Cards (17)
What significant theory influenced surgery in the late 19th century?
Louis Pasteur’s
germ theory
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What were the main changes in surgery from 1800 to 1900?
Introduction of
anaesthetics
Development of
antiseptics
Improved
surgical
techniques
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Who improved anaesthetics in the 19th century?
James Simpson
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What was the purpose of James Simpson's experiments?
To find a better
anaesthetic
for childbirth
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What was the first effective anaesthetic discovered by James Simpson?
Chloroform
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What concerns did some surgeons have about chloroform?
Patients
needed to stay awake to fight
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What tragic event raised concerns about chloroform use?
Hannah Greener's
death during surgery
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How did Queen Victoria's use of chloroform affect its acceptance?
It led to
wider
acceptance
of
chloroform
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What was the 'black period' of surgery?
Increased deaths due to
longer
operations
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Who discovered antiseptics in 1867?
Joseph Lister
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What did Joseph Lister recommend for surgical procedures?
Use
carbolic acid
to kill bacteria
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What was the death rate in Lister's operations before antiseptics?
46 percent
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What was the death rate in Lister's operations after using antiseptics?
15 percent
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What are the key components of Lister's antiseptic methods?
Handwashing with
carbolic acid
Soaking bandages and ligatures in
carbolic
acid
Using
carbolic
spray to clean the
operation
area
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What is aseptic surgery?
Surgery minimizing
infection
risk
Involves thorough
cleaning
of theatres
Use of
sterilised
gowns, masks, and gloves
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What is the purpose of sterilising surgical instruments?
To kill any living
microorganisms
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What was the impact of Lister's antiseptic methods by the late 19th century?
Led to the introduction of
aseptic
surgery
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