Surgery

    Cards (17)

    • What significant theory influenced surgery in the late 19th century?
      Louis Pasteur’s germ theory
    • What were the main changes in surgery from 1800 to 1900?
      • Introduction of anaesthetics
      • Development of antiseptics
      • Improved surgical techniques
    • Who improved anaesthetics in the 19th century?
      James Simpson
    • What was the purpose of James Simpson's experiments?
      To find a better anaesthetic for childbirth
    • What was the first effective anaesthetic discovered by James Simpson?
      Chloroform
    • What concerns did some surgeons have about chloroform?
      Patients needed to stay awake to fight
    • What tragic event raised concerns about chloroform use?
      Hannah Greener's death during surgery
    • How did Queen Victoria's use of chloroform affect its acceptance?
      It led to wider acceptance of chloroform
    • What was the 'black period' of surgery?
      Increased deaths due to longer operations
    • Who discovered antiseptics in 1867?
      Joseph Lister
    • What did Joseph Lister recommend for surgical procedures?
      Use carbolic acid to kill bacteria
    • What was the death rate in Lister's operations before antiseptics?
      46 percent
    • What was the death rate in Lister's operations after using antiseptics?
      15 percent
    • What are the key components of Lister's antiseptic methods?
      • Handwashing with carbolic acid
      • Soaking bandages and ligatures in carbolic acid
      • Using carbolic spray to clean the operation area
    • What is aseptic surgery?
      • Surgery minimizing infection risk
      • Involves thorough cleaning of theatres
      • Use of sterilised gowns, masks, and gloves
    • What is the purpose of sterilising surgical instruments?
      To kill any living microorganisms
    • What was the impact of Lister's antiseptic methods by the late 19th century?
      Led to the introduction of aseptic surgery
    See similar decks