Feed formulation

• Feed formulation is the process of combining different feed ingredients in proper proportion.
• There are various factors to be considered before someone can formulate a diet.
• Cost is a crucial factor in feed formulation as it must be least cost or cost friendly to the raisers.
• Limitations in feed formulation include only one nutrient to satisfy and one of the ingredients having a higher amount of nutrient to be satisfied than the requirement.
• Ingredients are usually classified in energy source and protein source in case of more than two ingredients to be used.
• For more than one energy or protein source contribution by parts is based on the nutrient content and price of the ingredients.
• A broiler raiser wants to know what combination of rice bran (11% CP) and a 40% CP complete supplement which will provide a mix with 18% CP for finisher broilers.
• The amount of fish meal to be used in the diet is calculated as 3 ÷ 14.14 = 0.22.
• kg fresh Napier = 5.97 kg = 27.14 kg
• The amount of soybean meal to be used in the diet is calculated as 29.86 ÷ 14.14 = 20.69.
• Assume a fixed ingredient of 1% for mineral premix.
• The amount of corn to be used in the diet is calculated as 14 ÷ .99 = 14.14.
• The amount of mineral premix to be used in the diet is calculated as 2 ÷ 14.14 = 0.14.
• Prepare a 200 kg swine finisher diet with 14% Crude Protein (CP) using corn (9% CP) and soybean meal (44% CP).
• kg dry matter (DM) = 8 kg = 5 kg
• kg fresh rice bran = 2.03 kg = 2.21 kg
• The requirements of the steer are: DM, TDN, and Amount.
• The available feeds are: DM, TDN, Napier (22% CP), and Rice Bran (D1) (91.9% CP).
• The amount of FM to be mixed is 11.66 kg, calculated as 34.98 kg x 1/3.
• The CP of protein sources (SBM and FM) is calculated as 40% x 2 = 80 and 60% x 1 = 60.
• The amount of yellow corn to be mixed is 123.77 kg, calculated as 165.02 kg x 3/4.
• The computation for the amounts of yellow corn, rice bran, SBM and fish meal to be mixed involves determining the CP of energy sources (corn and rice bran) as 9% x 3 = 27 and 11% x 1 = 11.
• The amount of SBM to be mixed is 23.32 kg, calculated as 34.98 kg x ⅔.
• The amount of rice bran to be mixed is 41.25 kg, calculated as 165.02 kg x 1/4.
• The total CP is 38, which is 9.5%.
• In computing for the amount of concentrate and roughage of the diet and the TDN is the one to be satisfied, remember to get the % TDN requirement (kg TDN requirement divided by the kg DM requirement multiplied by 100).
• The % TDN of the diet is calculated as: (5 kg ÷ 8 kg) x 100 = 62.5%.
• The amount of feed ingredients are expressed in DM, but feed ingredients are fed in fresh basis.
• The amount of Napier and rice bran to be fed to the steer is calculated as: Napier 55% and Rice Bran 74.58%.