mendel

• Mendel's experiments focused on traits such as flower color, seed shape, and plant height to study the patterns of inheritance.
• Mendel is known as the father of modern genetics due to his discovery of the basic principles of heredity through breeding Garden peas, known as Pisum sativum.
• Before Mendel's experiments, Humanity had no clue how heredity worked.
• The blending hypothesis was a popular concept in understanding how heredity works, but Mendel helped to disprove this concept.
• Mendel used the humble pea plant to crack some of Humanity's greatest Mysteries regarding heredity.
• Pea plants produce both pollen and eggs, allowing for self-fertilization.
• Pea plants exhibit a large amount of variation in traits, making them a great model for studying heredity.
• A pea is a small fertilized embryo, and when planted, it becomes a new plant.
• Pea plants have a short generation time, allowing for large numbers of Offspring to be produced.
• Pea plants can be either self-pollinated, where the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize another, or cross-pollinated, where one plant is used to fertilize a separate plant.
• The pollen from a pea plant can travel from the anther to the stigma, down the style, and fertilize the eggs.
• The flower of a pea plant contains anthers, which form pollen, and a carpel, which contains eggs.
• Mendel studied under famous botanists of the time including Christian Doppler, who taught him how to conduct a proper scientific study.
• The egg from this parent can have a little r, and it can have a little y, but it cannot have two r's or two y's, making it haploid.
• A Big R Big Y sperm would make you a true breeder, while a Big R Little R sperm would be homozygous dominant and a Little R Little R sperm would be homozygous recessive.
• Mandel would have called a Big R Little R sperm a non-true breeder, while current terminology calls it a heterozygote.
• The sperm could contain both an r and a y, but they cannot both go into the same sperm, making it diploid.
• The offspring will be a non-true breeder, as 100% of them are round and yellow, but are all non-true breeders.
• If the sperm fertilizes the egg, the resulting zygote will be a big r with a little r, indicating that it is round and yellow.
• Mendel was a monk who set up genetic crosses in the Abbey Gardens of the monastery he worked at.
• A non-true breeder has two different Al or one of each Al.
• Each individual possesses two traits for every one characteristic.
• The monohybrid cross results in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio of dominance to recessives every time.
• Each individual inherits one alal from each parent, possessing two alals for every one gene or two traits for every one characteristic.
• If a characteristic is flower color, an individual can possess purple information and white information both.
• In the F2 Generation, purple trait information was masking or dominant to the white information, which is called recessive.
• The term characteristics is now referred to as genes and traits.
• Each individual has two alals for every one gene or two traits for every one characteristic.
• A true breeder has two alals for the flower color characteristic, both of which say purple.
• Just like you inherit eye color from each of your parents, you could have inherited blue eye color Alo from your mom and brown eye color alil from your dad.
• Mendel was instrumental in understanding how heredity works, discovering how traits are passed on from generation to generation and how those traits manifest in progeny.
• White flower plants self-fertilized with their own pollen sometimes produce purple offspring and sometimes white offspring.
• White flower plants with purple flowers can self-fertilize, but the offspring are always white.
• Purple flower plants with white flowers can self-fertilize, but the offspring are always white.
• When a purple flower plant is crossed with a white flower plant, the offspring are always purple.
• Mandel conducted a monohybrid cross experiment where he took sperm or pollen from one flower and used it to fertilize the eggs on the next flower.
• White flower plants are non-true breeders, meaning their offspring sometimes look like themselves and sometimes like their parents.
• Purple flower plants are true breeders, meaning their offspring always look like themselves when self-fertilized.
• Chas T Knight started it all by self-fertilizing plants and noticing that some of the offspring were purple and some were white.
• Purple flower plants self-fertilized with their own pollen always produce 100% purple offspring.