control of blood glucose

• What hormones control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What does blood glucose concentration refer to?

  Amount of sugar in the bloodstream
• Why do cells need a decent amount of sugar in the blood?

  For a constant supply of glucose for respiration
• What happens if blood glucose concentration gets too high?

  It can start to damage tissues
• What is the consequence of eating a large meal with carbohydrates?

  Blood glucose concentration increases
• How does blood glucose concentration change after eating carbohydrates?

  It spikes as glucose is absorbed
• What organ detects high blood glucose levels?

  Pancreas
• What hormone is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose?

  Insulin
• What does insulin do in the body?

  Tells cells to take in glucose
• Which cells are most important for taking up glucose?

  Liver and muscle cells
• What is glycogen?

  A long-term storage form of glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after insulin is released?

  It decreases back to normal levels
• What hormone is released when blood glucose levels are low?

  Glucagon
• How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

  It increases blood glucose concentration
• How does glucagon function in the body?

  It breaks down glycogen into glucose
• What happens when blood glucose levels drop too low?

  Glucagon is secreted into the bloodstream
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

  They create a negative feedback loop
• How do insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose levels?

  By constantly adjusting their release
• Why does blood glucose concentration fluctuate?

  Due to constant release of insulin and glucagon
• What is the role of insulin in the body?

  It helps lower blood glucose levels.
• When is insulin released by the pancreas?

  When blood glucose concentration is high.
• What does insulin do to cells in the body?

  It tells them to absorb excess glucose.
• What is glycogen?

  It is a stored form of glucose.
• What is the underlying problem in both types of diabetes?

  Patients can't regulate blood glucose levels.
• At what age does type 1 diabetes generally occur?

  In childhood or teenage years.
• What happens to insulin production in type 1 diabetes?

  The pancreas stops producing insulin.
• What can happen if blood glucose levels rise too high in type 1 diabetes?

  It can make the person feel ill or die.
• How is type 1 diabetes primarily treated?

  By injecting insulin.
• Where is insulin typically injected for type 1 diabetes treatment?

  Into the abdomen or thigh.
• What factors determine the amount of insulin a person with type 1 diabetes needs to inject?

  What they've eaten and their exercise level.
• Why are people with diabetes encouraged to avoid sugary foods?

  It helps manage their blood glucose levels.
• How does exercise affect insulin needs in diabetes?

  More exercise means less insulin needed.
• Who is most likely to develop type 2 diabetes?

  Older people with unhealthy diets.
• What is the main problem in type 2 diabetes?

  Cells become resistant to insulin.
• What happens to insulin effectiveness in type 2 diabetes?

  Insulin does not help cells absorb glucose.
• What is the main treatment for type 2 diabetes?

  A healthy low sugar diet and exercise.
• What are the key differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  • Type 1:
  • Occurs in childhood/teenage years
  • Pancreas stops producing insulin
  • Treated with insulin injections
  • Type 2:
  • Occurs in older adults
  • Cells become resistant to insulin
  • Treated with diet and exercise
• What should patients with diabetes remember about their treatment?

  Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.