Biology paper 2 - Control of Blood Glucose

• What organ monitors and controls blood glucose concentration?

  Pancreas
• What happens when blood glucose concentration is too high?

  The pancreas produces insulin
• What does insulin do to glucose in the blood?

  Moves glucose into the cells
• What is excess glucose converted to in liver and muscle cells?

  Glycogen
• What is Type 1 diabetes characterized by?

  Uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
• How is Type 1 diabetes typically treated?

  With insulin injections
• What happens in Type 2 diabetes regarding insulin response?

  Body cells no longer respond to insulin
• What are common treatments for Type 2 diabetes?

  Carbohydrate-controlled diet and exercise
• What is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• Compare Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in terms of insulin production and response.

  • Type 1: Insufficient insulin production
  • Type 2: Cells do not respond to insulin
• What should students be able to do with graphs showing insulin's effect on blood glucose levels?

  Extract information and interpret data
• What hormone does the pancreas produce if blood glucose concentration is too low?

  Glucagon
• What does glucagon do to glycogen in the body?

  Converts glycogen into glucose
• How do glucagon and insulin interact in the body?

  They work in a negative feedback cycle
• What is the overall role of insulin and glucagon in blood glucose control?

  They regulate blood glucose levels