LESSON 24. MEMORY

• Memory – the extent to which original and previous learned information still persists. Memory makes learning possible and without learning there is nothing to remember.
• Learning is employed to build up memories for use in the future while memory is used to store and retrieve this information.
• Methods to Measure Memory or Remembering

  1. Recall
  2. Recognition
  3. Reintegration
  4. Relearning
• Recall is the process of reproducing past learning/experience without any clue.
• Recognition denotes the ability to identify learned items that are familiar.
• Reintegration involves the recollection of past learning/experience with the presence of cues.
• Relearning simply refers to reviewing previous learning, the easiest method.
• Our Memory Usually Works in Four Basic Steps

  1. Perception
  2. Encoding/acquisition
  3. Storage
  4. Retrieval
• Stages of Memory

  1. Sensory memory
  2. Short-term memory
  3. Long-term memory
• Types of Memory

  1. Episodic
  2. Semantic
  3. Procedural
• Episodic – this are memorable events in your life.
• Semantic is a type of memory for rules and concept.
• Procedural – this is also called skill memory because it involves how to do things.
• Forgetting refers to the inability to recall a particular piece of information accurately. It means failure to retain what was previously learned. It is the extent with which learned information is lost.
• Theories of Forgetting

  1. Interference Theory
  2. Decay Theory
  3. Retrieval-based Forgetting
  4. Storage-based Forgetting
  5. Motivated Forgetting
• Interference Theory holds that the cause of forgetting is because of conflict among information learned earlier of later. (Proactive interference, Retroactive interference)
• Decay Theory suggests that lapse of time is the reason for forgetting.
• Retrieval-based Forgetting – this is a form of cue-dependent forgetting. The memory trace is present but one just cannot bring out the information.
• Storage-based Forgetting – this is due to the distortion of learned information in the long-term memory.
• Motivated Forgetting – may take the form of suppression, a purposeful or voluntary process of blocking the information learned. This is also called conscious forgetting.