Ruminant med

• Bacteremia caused by Trueperella pyogenes or Streptococci spp. is the cause for septic endocarditis
• Babesiosis can also be transmitted transovarially, through experimental inoculation and through the intrauterine route, although rare
• In digital dermatitis, Treponema are the bacterium most commonly found in lesions
• Chalky "plaques" most evident in the left ventricle most likely point to nutritional myopathy
• Ventricular Septal Defect or VSD occurs when the wall (septum) between the two ventricles does not fully develop,

  leaving a hole
• Osteomyelitis is defined as infection of the bone
• Lameness is defined as abnormal gait, which should be differentiated from ataxia, which is abnormal gait due to lesion of the nervous system
• Osteodystrophy is characterized by defective bone development that is usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
• idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion Is said to be the cause of pericardial effusion leading to right-sided congestive heart failure and muffled heart sound
• Tetanus is a fairly common disease occurring in all types of livestock and is a relatively rare disease in cattle, but outbreaks of disease can cause very severe losses.
• Pseudocowpox is also referred to as milker's nodules
• Vaccination is the cheapest control method and represents an essential measure for the control of Leptospirosis
• . Abnormal disposition, size and shape of any part of a system is known as deformity
• calf diptheria has an oral form and a laryngeal form
• idiopathic hemorrhagic pericardial effusion is potentially treatable with combinations of pericardial drainage and corticosteroid treatment
• Lice is a common winter problem in ruminants but is said to cause less impact in summer due to sunlight and shorter hair coat in animals.
• VSD may occur alone or together with other malformations
• In rabies, virus replicates in striated muscle or infect nerve cells
• Blood clot formation serves as the attachment site of bacteria for septic endocarditis
• bovine anemia is caused by intracellular blood parasites belonging to the Theileria orientalis group
• Sole ulcers occurs due to constant pressure by flexor tuberosity of P3 on the corium of the hoof.
• lameness is the inability to maintain posture due to shock, hypocalcemia, or starvation
• Nutritional myopathy is an acute degenerative disease of cardiac and skeletal muscle caused by a dietary deficiency of selenium or vitamin E in young, rapidly growing calves, lambs, and kids
• Ischemic Myonecrosis is associated with prolonged recumbency
• The FMDv genus is Aphthovirus
• Water buffalo are more susceptible to hemorrhagic septicemia
• No necropsy is always done for suspected anthrax cases
• Brain is the tissue of choice for histologic exam & differentiation between pseudorabies & rabies
• In blackleg, when affected muscle is palpated due to swelling it produces a sound called crepitus
• Imidocarb is a derivative of Urea (N-phenylurea) which is a nitrogenous compound
• Purified protein derivative is a substance injected into the skin in tuberculin skin test
• Erythritol is a compound produced by the placenta that predisposes localization of Brucella spp.
• Lymnaea is a genus of IH of F. gigantica in the Philippines
• Orchitis is the inflammation of testes due to Brucella spp.
• Hardjo is a serovar of leptospira with adaptation to cattle
• The most important species of trypanosoma in cattle is Trypanosoma congolense
• Most common clinical sign of CAE is polysynovitis/arthritis
• Pestivirus is the genus of bovine viral diarrhea virus
• The primary area affected by orf is the buccal area which includes mouth, lips, and nose.
• Fimbriae is a part of E. coli that is used as an ingredient in vaccines