personality

• personality is a collection of distinctive characteristics of an individual which are specific to them, making them act the way they do
• introverts are people who don't actively seek excitement and would rather be in a calm environment
• introverts have higher natural levels of arousal and so don't seek out additional excitement or stimulus to function well
• extroverts are more naturally under-aroused so can be bored quickly, lack concentration with tasks and constantly seek excitement and change
• stable individuals can be more easily going and even-tempered
• neurotic (unstable) people can be restless and excitable with a tendency to become anxious and highly aroused
• Hollander's (1971) 3 layers of personality are psychological core, typical response and role-related behaviours
• the physiological core reflects the fairly permanent traits a person has such as their beliefs, values, attributes and self-concept
• the typical responses are traits that determine how a person behaves in a situation. for example, a shy person may be like this in most situations
• role-related behaviours are how we act in certain situations depending on our role. for example, a team captain would be assertive when with their team
• the triadic model of personality includes 3 aspects: cognitive, affective and behavioural
• the cognitive aspect in the triadic model is what the individual thinks about an object/person
• the affective aspect in the triadic model is what the individual feels about an object/person
• the behavioural aspect in the triadic model is how the individual behaves towards the object/person
• evaluative apprehension is when a performer fells like they're being evaluated in some context by a crowd member which causes anxiety and arousal levels to increase
• 4 ways to combat social inhibitilitation are: mental rehearsal, practicing Infront of an audience, overlearning skills so they become autonomous and relaxation techniques to lower arousal
• Cartell (1965) analyse 16 core personality traits and suggested that they're organised into a hierarchy with some traits being more dominant then others, implying environment doesn't affect personality
• trait theory proposes that behaviour is innate meaning individuals are predisposed to act in a certain way in specific situations
• interactionalist theory suggests that each performer brings basic personality traits but the most significant affect is the interaction of environment
• lewin (1935) suggested that behaviour is the function of the sum of a persons personality (traits) and situation (social learning)
• the situational approach suggests that behaviour is dependent on the environment rather then characteristics
• social learning theory suggests that personality is constantly changing due to experience in social situations and that learning is done through modelling and social reinforcement